1. And the Voyage of the Damned
Kristallnacht
And the Voyage of the Damned

2. Discrimination through propaganda
Overview
Hitler used the Jews as a scapegoat, blaming them for Germany's economic and social problems
Discrimination through propaganda
The ‘pure blood’ German was racially superior
Laws were set into place striping the Jews of their rights

3. What happened? November 7, 1938
Zindel Grynszpan and his family had been deported back to Poland
Zindel’s seventeen-year old son Herschel decided to avenge his family’s deportation and persecution of Jews
He intended to assassinate the German Ambassador to France
Injured the Third secretary Ernest vom Rath

4. What did he do? Who was he? Minister of propaganda
Joseph goebbels
What did he do? Who was he?
Minister of propaganda
Used the S.S St. Louis and the passengers in a propaganda plan
Nazi propaganda hyped the passengers’ criminal nature- making them seem even more
Sent agents to Cuba to stir anti-Semitism and organize protests
His contempt for the human race in general and the Jews in particular, and cynicism were an expression of his own self-hatred

5. Kristallnacht
Nationwide, state-sponsored pogrom conducted throughout Germany and Austria
From the evening and night of November 9 through to the following afternoon
Provoked by the assassination of a minor German diplomat in Paris, Ernst vom Rath, by a seventeen-year-old Polish Jew, Herschel Grynszpan.
Mass destruction
Concentration camps of had already been prepared weeks before for the influx of thousands of German Jews

6. At least 91 Jews died in the pogrom
November 9, 1938
Hundreds of synagogues were attacked, vandalized and looted and dozens were set ablaze and destroyed
At least 91 Jews died in the pogrom

7. Aaron Pozner
Who was he?
He has been arrested on the night of Kristallnacht
and sent to Dachau
The Nazis released Pozner on the condition that he
leave the country within 14 days.
His wife and his two children could not accumulate sufficient funds to go aboard the ship
He hoped that he could earn enough money after his arrival to bring them out of German captivity.

8. SS St. Louis
The SS St. Louis was a German ocean liner most notable for a single voyage that set sail from Hamburg to Cuba in 1939, in which her captain, Gustav Schröder, tried to find homes for 915 Jewish refugees from Germany

9. Tourists were still welcome and didn’t require visas.
Decree 55
Each refugee needed a visa and was required to pay a $500 bond to guarantee that they would not become wards of Cuba
Tourists were still welcome and didn’t require visas.
Manuel Benitez realized that it did not define a tourist or a refugee
He sold landing permits which allowed refugees to land in Cuba by calling them tourists.
Sold to everyone for $150
Decree 937: closed the loophole to Decree 55.

10. They were denied entry to Cuba, the United States and Canada
The Jewish passengers
They were denied entry to Cuba, the United States and Canada
Finally accepted into various European countries, which were later engulfed in World War II
181 could go to Holland, 224 to France, 228 to Great Britain, and 214 to Belgium
Of the Jewish passengers that were in the ship, 254 died in death camps as a result from the Nazi “Final Resolution” upon being denied passage into Cuba and returning to Western Europe

11. American coast guard conversation
What were they worried about?
Henry Morgenthau Jr. and Commander E.G. Rose
Rose had been trailing the German ship
Henry wanted to know it’s exact location
Rose agreed to find information on the ships location
but was told by Henry to keep it secret
Henry mainly wanted to treat the investigation as confidential so no one knew he was interested

12. Rabbi stahl
Rabbi Stahl suggested that the voyage of the S.S St. Louis was a stunning victory for Hitler because it proved that “the Allied countries did not want Jews there just as much as Hitler didn’t want them in his.”

13. An apology to the survivors
In 2009 the U.S. Senate passed a resolution acknowledging the U.S. role in rejecting the ship and passengers but it wasn’t a formal apology
In 2000, Canada's religious community, members of the Canadian clergy apologized to the survivors of what became known as the "Voyage of the Damned“ in an Ottawa hotel
On April 25, 2000, approximately 1,500 Cubans marched from Ocean Drive and 10th Street on South Beach to the Holocaust Memorial in a silent march to ask for forgiveness

14. THE END