1. The Research Paper

2. 1. In what format will the paper have to be written
1. In what format will the paper have to be written? MLA (Modern Language Association)
2. How long does the paper have to be?
 Standard: 3-5 full pages
Honors: 5-8 full pages
3. What kind of sources do we have to use?
 Books and the Internet
4. What kind of sources can we not use?
 General or online encyclopedias (wikipedia)
5. What is the minimum number of sources we have to have?
Standard: 4 Honors: 6

3. 6. When are my sources due? February 12th
7. What topics do I have to research for the paper?
 aspects of culture; see page 6 or 8
8. Does it have to be typed?
 YES
9. What do we have to turn in with the paper?
 Photocopies, bibliography cards, printouts of your sources, and a Works Cited page
10. Do we have to turn in a rough draft? Will it be graded? Does it have to be typed? YES. YES. YES.
11. What if a paper is late? Can I mail my paper?
If a paper is turned in after the class period on the due date, it is ten points off. It is twenty-five points off the 2nd day. It will not be taken later than two days. You can mail the paper and we will go by the postmark date for the late grade.

4. 12. Do we have to document?
 Yes. This means giving credit to your sources in your paper.
13. What happens if we intentionally plagiarize?
 You will be written up and suspended; you will receive a zero on the paper.
14. When is the rough draft due?
 March 26th, a Thursday.
15. When is the final draft due?
 May 6th, a Wednesday
16. How many times can we rewrite?
Once, from the rough draft to the final draft.

5. 17. How much will the paper count in all?
 Six test grades, three quiz grades, four daily grades
18. What resources are available to me?
 Mt. Tabor Media Center, Public Library, Wake Forest Library, the Internet
19. How many direct quotes am I allowed to have in my paper? How long can they be?
Three direct quotes total. No one quote can be more than four lines long.
20. Can we use first or second person anywhere in the paper?
No. This is a formal paper, which means you cannot use I, me, we, us, our, you, your (or any forms of these words).

6. Letter of Intent Directions
YOUR STREET ADDRESS
YOUR CITY, STATE ZIP CODE
DATE (Write this out)
TEACHER’S NAME
Mt. Tabor High School
342 Petree Road
Winston-Salem, NC 27106
DEAR (Teacher’s Name):

7. Letter of Intent Directions
Paragraph 1:
Begin with a hook (describe your country or common images from it). What country did you choose for Around the World in Eighty Days? (Mention the name of the project.) Why are you interested in this country? What do you already know about this country? (If you don’t know anything, say so!)

8. Letter of Intent Directions
Paragraph 2:
What is your essential question? (“What elements of culture make ________ unique in the world?”) What topics will you research? (The aspects of culture I will research are: …) What types of sources will you use? (books, Internet, info. from embassy, interviews)

9. Letter of Intent Directions
Paragraph 3:
What will you do for your hours? (Give your best guess as to what kind of project you think you will be doing. You don’t have to be specific yet.) How will your product connect to your research? (What aspects of culture will you connect your product to?)

10. Letter of Intent Directions
Paragraph 4:
Copy the ethics statement in your handbook for the final paragraph.
Sincerely,
Print your name

11. Writing a Thesis Statement
A thesis statement is a one sentence statement of the purpose of your paper.
It usually appears at the end of the introduction to your paper.
For this research paper, you will simply be stating the topics which you will cover in your paper.
Research papers are formal papers, which means that you cannot use first or second person personal pronouns.
In your thesis statement, you must mention your country, that you are researching the culture, and you must list the topics.
EXAMPLE THESIS STATEMENT:
The food, religion, sports, holidays, and education in Japan are all interesting aspects of its culture.

12. Addressing your Embassy Envelope
c/o Laurie Schaefer
Mt. Tabor High School
342 Petree Road
Winston-Salem, NC 27106
Embassy of _____________
12345 Capital Street
Washington, DC 20008

13. Paraphrasing and Summarizing
Definition of Paraphrasing: A restatement of a text or passage in another form or other words.
Include all of the ideas mentioned in the original passage
Follow the original order of ideas
Keep the length approximately the same as the original
Do not add your own thoughts or views
Definition of Summary: Presenting the substance in a condensed form by reducing to its main points
Include only the main points of the original passage
Do not worry about following the original order of ideas
Keep the length to between ¼ and ½ of the length of the original
Do not add your own thoughts or ideas

14. Paraphrasing and Summarizing
Original Text:
“Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall. Humpty Dumpty had a great fall. All the king’s horses and all the king’s men couldn’t put Humpty together again.”
Correctly Paraphrased Text:
An egg by the name of Humpty Dumpty was perched upon a wall. For some reason, Humpty Dumpty had a catastrophic fall off of this partition. Horses and men, which belonged to the King, tried unsuccessfully to repair the broken egg.
Correctly Summarized Text:
According to the writer of a children’s nursery rhyme, an egg named Humpty Dumpty was unable to be repaired by either the horses or the men, which belonged to the king, after he had a serious fall off of a wall.

15. Paraphrasing and Summarizing
Original Text:
“Australian cuisine has the most diverse range, quality, and inventiveness than many others in the world. Australia is also well known for its fresh ingredients such as seafood, local fruits, beef and lamb, as well as for its world class cheeses” (“Food” 1).
Correctly Paraphrased Text:
Australian food is considered to have a wide range and be known for its quality and uniqueness when compared to other countries. They are also famous for their fresh ingredients, including seafood, beef, lamb, fruits, and cheeses. (“Food” 1)
Correctly Summarized Text:
Food in Australia is world famous for its wide range and unique flavors, but also for its fresh ingredients such as seafood, beef, lamb, fruits, and cheeses (“Food” 1).

16. Paraphrasing and Summarizing
“Darfur has been embroiled in a deadly conflict for over seven years.  At least 500,000 people have been killed; more than 2.7 million innocent civilians have been forced to flee their homes and now live in displaced-persons camps in Sudan or in refugee camps in neighboring Chad; and more than 3.5 million men, women, and children are completely reliant on international aid for survival. Not since the Rwandan genocide of 1994 has the world seen such a calculated campaign of displacement, starvation, rape, and mass slaughter” (“Darfur Primer” 1).

17. Paraphrasing and Summarizing
Now, find one source in your packet with information about the food in your country.
Copy three sentences word for word from the source in the box provided on page 22. Don’t forget to document it!
In the lines below the box, paraphrase the information sentence by sentence.
Document your paraphrased paragraph as well. Be careful about where you put the period!

18. Bibliography Cards Number your cards in the upper-right hand corner
Put a source note (where you found your source) on the bottom line.
Put the bibliography entry in the middle of the card.
Staple the card in the upper left hand corner of the source

19. Bibliography Cards 1 Last name, First name. Title of Book.
For a book source, you will need the following information: 1
Last name, First name. Title of Book.
City published: Publisher, Year.
Mt. Tabor High School Library

20. Bibliography Cards

21. Bibliography Cards 2 Last name, First name. “Title of Web-
For an Internet source, you will need the following information: 2
Last name, First name. “Title of Web-
site.” Internet. Date Found.
<
Internet

22. General Info. About Works Cited:
The Works Cited page is the last page of your research paper. It does not count in the required page numbers for the paper.
üThe Works Cited page is numbered in the upper right hand corner of the page, just like all of the other pages in your paper.
üThe title of the page, Works Cited, is centered at the top of the page.
üEverything on the page is double-spaced, never more than that.
üEntries on a Works Cited page are called bibliographic entries, which means “Biblio”- book and “graphic”-writing.
ü The entries on the Works Cited page are in alphabetical order.

23. General Info. About Works Cited:
ü When you alphabetize, you alphabetize by the first word of the bibliographic entry, unless it begins with the three English articles, a , an , and the. You ignore these words and alphabetize by the first word in the title.
ü You do not indent the first line of a bibliographic entry, but you do indent the second line of a bibliographic entry. It is the opposite of a paragraph in an essay where you indent the first line.
ü All of your sources must be documented in your paper, so be sure to put only the sources you used on your Works Cited page.
ü Every period, comma, and colon are very important, so do not get careless when you create your entries.

24. Book Entries:
For a Book Entry with an author, you need to find the following information and put it in this order:
Author’s Last Name, Author’s First Name. Title of Book. Publishing City: Publisher, Year Published.
If the book does not have an author, you begin with the title.
For a cultural encyclopedia, you add the name of your country in quotation marks between the author’s last name and title of the book.

25. Book Entries:
If you have two authors for a book, put them in alphabetical order by their last name, putting the first person in order by last name then first name, and put the other person in order by first name then last name.
If you have more than two authors for a book, list only the first person alphabetically, then write the Latin phrase et al, which means And all the rest.
Brochures are documented just like a book without an author.

26. Website Entries:
üFor a website without an author, you need to find the following information and put it in this order:
“Title of Website.” Day Month Year that the website was created or last updated. Title of institution or Organization sponsoring the website. Day Month Year that you accessed the site <complete website address>
üThe date you put in the bibliographic entry is the date you found the website and printed it.
üIf you can find an author for the website, you use the author’s last name and then his/her first name, just like a book entry.

27. Website Entries:
The title of the website is usually printed in the upper left- hand corner of the page.
The website address is usually printed in the lower left- hand corner of the page.
The date you accessed the website is usually printed in the lower right- hand corner of the page.
This is why it is important to print from the Internet since you won’t get this information if you cut and paste into a Word document.

28. Interview Entries:
ü For a personal interview with someone who has been to your country, you need to put the following information in this order
Last name of person interviewed, first name of person
interviewed. Personal Interview. Day Month Year.
üThe date you put in the bibliographic entry is the date you interviewed the person.
ü If you conduct an interview by , you would substitute the words electronic interview for personal interview.
üRemember that if you interview someone, you must write down the questions you are going to ask them, as well as the answers they give you.

29. Internal Documentation
What is Parenthetical Documentation?
Parenthetical Documentation is giving credit to your sources in your research paper, even on information you paraphrased or summarized.
How often should I document?
Every paragraph of your paper should have documentation.
How much of my paper should be documented?
You do not have to document your topic or transition sentence because you wrote them. The rest of every body paragraph must be from a source, and must be documented.
How do you document?
To document, you put important information in parenthesis after the information you have quoted, paraphrased, or summarized.

30. Internal Documentation
What if a paragraph is in my own words and from only one source?
If an entire paragraph came from the same source, and you paraphrase or summarize the entire paragraph, you only have document once at the end of the paragraph. In this case, the period goes before the documentation.
What if I use more than one source to put a paragraph together?
If you used more than one source to construct a paragraph, you must document after each block of information. If each block of information is more than one sentence, the period goes before the documentation. If each block of information is just one sentence, then the period goes after the documentation.

31. Internal Documentation
How do I know what to put in the parenthesis when I am documenting?
When you document a BOOK source WITH AN AUTHOR, you put the author’s last name and the page number. Example: (Smith 3)
When you document a BOOK source WITHOUT AN AUTHOR, you put the title of the book and the page number. (Germany the Beautiful )
When you document an INTERNET source WITH AN AUTHOR, you put the author’s last name and the page number. Example: (Jones 3-5)
When you document an INTERNET source WITHOUT AN AUTHOR, you put the title of the website and the page number. Example: (“German Food” )
When you document an INTERVIEW, you use the last name of the person you interviewed and the word “interview” in the parenthesis.
Example: (Schaefer Interview)

32. Internal Documentation
Works Cited
“Food in Germany.” Foods Around the World. 6 February 2007.
Web. 30 January 2010.
German Culture. Berlin: Deutschland Publishing, Print.
Schaefer, Laurie. Personal Interview. 5 February 2007.
Wooten, Meredith. I Love Kraut. Pfafftown: Tabor Publishers,
1999. Print.
Zimmermeyer, Dave. “Soccer, the Unknown Sport.” Sports Unlimited.
5 March Web. 2 February 2010.

33. Internal Documentation
Food is an interesting aspect of Germany’s culture. This first and second sentence of the paragraph are from an Internet source without an author, which is very common for Internet sources. The Internet source is only three pages long, and you know that because the printout tells you in the upper right hand corner( ) The next two sentences are from a brochure, which is always documented as if it is a book. Often, because brochures are written by advertising agencies, you will not have an author, so remember that you just use the title, which you can usually find on the front cover of the brochure ( ) This one sentence is from an interview with one of your favorite teachers who traveled to Germany; this teacher gave some wonderful insight into the food of the country and how much she loved it ( ) The final three sentences are from a book with an author. You found this great information on food to finish the paragraph. The page numbers that you used were pages ( ) Many spectators at the popular sports in Germany enjoy eating these wonderful foods.

34. Internal Documentation
Sporting life in Germany is exciting and very competitive. This entire paragraph came from one source and a range of pages. It was hard to find any other source on the sports in Germany, but you did find this great website that provided all the information that you needed. You did a great job of paraphrasing and summarizing all of the information on the sports, making sure to put it all in your own words and still capture the important information. The website that you printed out was twelve pages long but you only used the first six pages of the website. Good luck with documenting this paragraph and making sure that you get everything correct ( ) Sports in Germany are often played on many of their national holidays and festivals.

35. Quiz on AWED Research What does MLA mean?
What is the page range for your paper?
What kinds of sources do you have to use for your paper?
Explain the late policy for your paper.
Explain the plagiarism policy.
What can you not use in any part of your research paper?
What are two ways that it is possible to plagiarize?
What is one way to avoid plagiarism?
Which version of the paper (rough or final) do you have to upload into turnitin.com?
When writing a business letter in block format, what do you not do to the paragraphs?

36. Quiz on AWED Research 11. Write your thesis statement.
12. What are two important qualities that websites should have to be good sources?
13. Define paraphrasing in your own words.
14. What goes in the upper right hand corner of a bibliography card?
15. Which line is the only line not indented in a bibliographic entry?
16. How do you organize your sources on the Works Cited page?
17. How do you number your pages on a research paper in MLA format?
18. For a book with an author, what do you put in parenthesis in the paper?
19. If you are only documenting one sentence, where does the period go?
20. For an Internet source without an author, what do you put in parenthesis?
Extra Credit:
What does Bibliography mean?

37. Introduction of Research Paper
The Introduction of your research paper should begin with a direct quote from a source, should continue with a link explaining the quote, and should end with your thesis:
“May the Emperor's reign continue for a thousand, eight thousand generations until the pebbles grow into boulders, lush with moss” (Hang 512).
This stanza from the Japanese national anthem conveys the attitude of the people of Japan that they apply not only to their leaders, but to every aspect of their culture.
The food, religion, sports, holidays, and education of Japan are all intriguing aspects of the country’s culture.

38. Conclusion of Research Paper
The conclusion of your research paper should begin with a restatement of the thesis, should continue with a statement about the future potential of your country, and should end with another quote:
The culture of Japan contains much more than just food, religion, sports, holidays, and education, but these aspects are the foundation of their culture.
One of the highlights of Japan’s culture is their dedication to the arts, which promote the idea of peace, both within the human heart and in the world.
Japan’s national anthem also gives an insight into its culture, “……” (Hang 512)

39. Body of Research Paper
The body paragraphs of your research paper should each be focused on one aspect of culture:
TOPIC SENTENCE:
(The topic sentence should mention the aspect of culture that will be addressed in the paragraph.)
Food is a delicious part of the culture of Japan.
TRANSITION SENTENCE:
(This is the last sentence of each of your body paragraphs. It should sum up the current paragraph and introduce the next topic. Find a relationship between the two topics so you can do this in one sentence.)
Food is often a favorite item at many Japanese sporting events.

40. Practicing Works Cited
Write the following entries in order on the example Works Cited page in your booklet:
Smith, Jane. Land of the Rising Sun. New York: Harper Collins, 2004.
“Japanese Foods.” Internet. 24 February <
Hiroko, Yin. Personal Interview. 10 March 2007.
Ember, Carol and Melvin Ember. “Japan.” Worldmark Encyclopedia. Atlanta: Dove Publishers, 2001.
Temple, Susan. “Japan: Culture.” Internet. 14 February <