1. Content and Organization a manuscript
American Psychology Association
指導老師：任維廉　教授
報告人：徐文華
2015/06/04

2. About me
徐文華
科技管理研究所 碩一
閱讀、游泳

3. Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association
1928年，一群心理學和人類學期刊主編擬定一份七頁的寫作指南，列出期刊編輯審稿依據供投稿者參考
指南於1929年刊登在美國心理學會所出版的Psychological Bulletin
1952年正式出版為「美國心理協會出版手冊」，稱為APA Style Manual，其所採用的寫作格式就是APA Style
Science 1892

4. Introduction
Research is complete only when the results are shared with the scientific community
Scientific journal
Build on existing work, contributing something new
The writing process requires a thorough review and evaluation of previous work.
The answers to questions about the quality of the research will determine whether the study is worth writing or is publishable.
Consideration of authorship and types of articles will suggest who get that credit , how that credit is given, and what basic organization of the article would be most effective.
Consideration of the traditional structure of the manuscript.
Quality
Authorship
Structure

5. I. Quality of Content 1. Designing and Reporting Research
As an author, you should know how editors and reviewers evaluate manuscripts
2. Evaluating Content
If the research is sufficiently important and free from flaws to justify publication?

6. Quality of Content -Designing and Reporting Research
Following defects you should avoid:
Piecemeal publication
The reporting of only a single correlation
The reporting of negative results
Failure to build in needed controls
Exhaustion of a problem

7. Quality of Content -Evaluating Content
Checklist based on Bartol, 1981
Is the research question significant? Is the work original and important?
Have the instruments been demonstrated to have satisfactory reliability and validity?
Are the outcome clearly relate to the variables?
Does the research design fully unambiguous test the hypothesis?
Are the subjects representative of the population?
Did the researchers observe ethical standards?
Is the research advance enough?
Is the research question significant? Is the work original and important?
Instruments to have satisfactory reliability and validity?
Are the outcome measures clearly related to the variables which the investigation is concerned?
Does the research design fully unambiguous test the hypothesis?
Are the subjects representative of the population?
Did the researchers observe ethical standards?
Is the research advance enough?

8. II. Characteristics of Authorship and Articles
─ Who receive primary credit and hold primary responsibility for a published work
Types of Articles
Empirical
Review articles
Theoretical articles
Other
Length, Headings, and Tone

9. Characteristics of Authorship and Articles -Authorship
Who write the article
Who made scientific contributions to the study
Joint authorship
major contributions made by several person
Acknowledge in footnotes
minor contributions
The name of the principal contributor should appear first

10. Characteristics of Authorship and Articles -Types of Articles
Report of empirical studies
Introduction, Method, Results, Discussion
Review articles
Defines and theoretical articles
Summarize previous investigation
Identify relations, contradiction, gap, and inconsistence
Suggests the next step
Theoretical artificial
Other
brief report, comments, replies

11. Characteristics of Authorship and Articles Length, Headings, and Tone
1 printed page = 3 manuscript pages
Headings
Help readers grasp the paper’s outline and the relative importance of the parts of the paper
Tone
Present the ideas and findings directly but aim for an interesting and compelling manner

12. III. Parts of a Manuscript
Title Page
Abstract
Introduction
Method
Result
Discussion
Multiple experiments, reference, appendix

13. Parts of a Manuscript -Title Page
Title summarize the main idea
Don’t use abbreviations in a title
The recommended length: 12 to15 words
Manuscript has a by-line consisting of two parts : Author’s name and affiliation
A title should summarize the main idea of the paper simply and, if possible, with style

14. Parts of a Manuscript -Abstract
A brief, comprehensive summary
All APA journal except Contemporary Psychology require an abstract.
Abstract for
Empirical study: 100 to 150 words
Review or theoretical article : 75 to 100 words
A good abstract
Accurate : correctly reflects the purpose
Self-contained : define all abbreviations and acronyms
Concise and specific
Nonevaluative
Coherent and readable

15. Parts of a Manuscript - Introduction
Introduce the problem
What is the problem?
How do the hypothesis and the experimential design relate to the problem?
What are the theoretical implications of the study, and how does the study relate to previous work in the area?
Develop the background
State the purpose and rationale

16. Parts of a Manuscript -Method
How the study conduct
Enable the readers to evaluate the appropriateness of your methods and the reliability and the validity of your result.
Identify subsections
Subjects
Who participated in the study
Apparatus
Procedure

17. Parts of a Manuscript -Result

18. Parts of a Manuscript -Result

19. Parts of a Manuscript Discussion Multiple experiments Reference
Evaluate and interpret their implications
Emphasis theoretical relate to the results
Multiple experiments
Describe the method and results of each experiment separately
Reference
Appendix

20. Parts of a Manuscript -Reference

21. Parts of a Manuscript -Reference

22. THANK YOU