1. Command and Control of Space Forces - A Weapon System Approach
NDIA
25 Aug 05
Welcome CC or designated Rep
Identify VTC participants as required
Col Tony Williams
Division Chief
AFSPC/XOZ

2. Overview
The Challenge - Synchronizing Global & Theater Space Effects to the Combatant Commander, Satisfying Timing & Tempo Needs
The Solution – a Space C2 Weapon System
Bottom Line
Sir, our agenda for today.

3. Overview
The Challenge - Synchronizing Global & Theater Space Effects to the Combatant Commander, Satisfying Timing & Tempo Needs
The Solution – a Space C2 Weapon System
Bottom Line
Sir, our agenda for today.

4. OIF Warfighter’s Reliance on Space
TSTs
Navigation: 24/7 GPS Enhanced Theater support enabled Time Sensitive & Dynamic Targeting for OIF
~ 70% of all munitions used GPS
Weather: NASA’s Aqua & DoD’s DMSP sats predicted March sandstorms, warning commanders and troops
Missile Warning: Space IR systems detected ~1,493 provided missile events
CSAR: Space enabled largest Joint Search and Rescue operations in history
55 missions, 73 people saved (Pvt. Lynch rescue utilized ISR, UAVs linked by SATCOM)
SATCOM: ATO transmissions over MILSTAR took 6 sec; air delivered in Gulf War
~750 Tomahawk missile updates were transmitted via SATCOM
Communications capacity increased from 100 megabits to 2.6 gigabits; commercial satellites provided 80% bandwidth
ISR: 24/7 coverage enabled 116 C4I targets, including 10 media facilities
Intent: Punctuate warfighter’s reliance on space with OIF stats on space use
Sources:
(U) CENTAF OIF By the Numbers report
(U) Weather: “Technology Goes to War,” Electronic Engineering Times, April 14th, 2003.
(U) SATCOM: “WAR IN IRAQ,” Aviation Weekly, June 9th 2003, Vol. 158, No. 17; Pg. 50
(U) Pvt Lynch & Tomahawk facts: “War in Iraq,” Aviation Week,June 9th 2003, Vol. 158, No. 23; Pg. 44
Space Systems Are Now an Accepted, Proven and Mandatory Element of National Military Power

5. Space C2 Capabilities are Fragmentary and Ad Hoc
TBMCS
GCCS
SBMCS
CCIC2S
GCSS
“The AF must restructure the way
C2 programs are managed and resourced”
(USAF SAB, May 2001)

6. Operational Command Flow for Space Forces
CDR USSTRATCOM
CDR JFCC SGS
CDRJSO
Direct
Support
CAOC
AOR
Tactical Units
JSTO
COCOM
OPCON
TACON
JFC
Space
Effects
Theater B
Theater A
JSpOC
During the 2004 VMOC out brief and a TacSat-2 briefing, MGen Hamel asked who is controlling the data food fight on the tactical assets? The answer was no one. When MGen Hamel asked what an S-T-O would look like for a new asset like TacSat, the answer was very different from today. With that in mind, MGen requested that we begin to bound the questions that need to be asked and form the basic ConOp for how we would answer the questions. The outcome was the 2005 Space Apportionment For Effect (SAFE) demonstration. At its core is the new Space Apportionment VMOC, fielded by GD, in the Joint Space Operations Center (JSpOC). It provides the 14 Air Force JSpOC the tools to begin addressing how to globally manage satellite utilization in support of theater operations. The SA VMOC tool set includes the Vehicle Analysis and Simulation Tool (VAST) and the Multi Mission Planning and Control System (MMPCS), which allows the JSpOC to fly the missions in future time to de-conflict requirements and maximize the space effects. Once satisfied, the VMOC can release the Space Tasking Order for implementation. The SAFE demonstration is not designed to tackle the complete set of heritage MilSatCom systems, but to focus on the new Joint Warfighting Space TacSats and the DSCS IIIA Test and Checkout (TACO) assets. It is hoped that the SAFE demonstration will allow the 14AF to answer the questions MGen asked, and begin to automate the S-T-O process.
Recent Componency Changes Increase the Challenge for C2 of Space Forces in providing space effects at the timing and tempo needed by the Theater

7. JFCC SGS Distributed Operations

8. Summary of the Need
Capability to gain and maintain situation awareness of all space related activities
Capability to plan, task, and direct space forces to provide timely effects in support of the warfighter
Net centricity Service Oriented Architecture
JC2 interoperability requirements

9. Overview
The Challenge - Synchronizing Global & Theater Space Effects to the Combatant Commander, Satisfying Timing & Tempo Needs
The Solution – a Space C2 Weapon System
Implementation Strategy
Bottom Line
Sir, our agenda for today.

11. Space C2 WS Defined Functions are an arrangement of…. Facilities
The Space C2 WS is the means for commanders to exercise authority and direction over assigned and attached forces to carry out joint space operations (CC Intent & Feedback)
Space C2 functions are performed to allow a commander to plan, direct, coordinate and control operations of assigned forces
Functions are an arrangement of….
Facilities
Equipment
Communications
Procedures
Personnel
Training
Sustainment
(Joint Pub 1-2)
General, you have seen this before but this is just a re-baselining
(Start) First the OV-1 reflects in whole the Space portion—what we intend to C2
(Build 1) The C2 definition is reflective of the Joint & AFDD definition of C2 as flavored by space efforts
(Build 2) Additionally, the WS is executed through the functions and arrangement of facilities, equipment, comms, procedures, personnel, training, and sustainment.

12. Space C2 WS Employs NC SOA, shared with SSA Community
GIG
Status and Tasking
Status and Tasking
Tasking and Mission Data
Space Superiority
Assured Access
Global Surveillance Targeting and Tracking (GSTT)
Global Information Services (GIS)
SSA
OCS
DCS
Other Services
e.g., Value Added Processing DB DB DB DB DB
Space C2 Services
eg. Space Tasking
SSA Services
eg. Sensor Tasking, Fusion
Core Enterprise Services
(Service Discovery. Data Discovery, Security, etc.)
Other UDOPs
SSA UDOP
Key Source
Space C2 UDOP

13. Space C2 Weapon System – Systems
GIG
Status and Tasking
Status and Tasking
Tasking and Mission Data
Space Superiority
Assured Access
Global Surveillance Targeting and Tracking (GSTT)
Global Information Services (GIS)
SSA
OCS
DCS
Space Control Center
Space Surveillance Network and sensor sites
Space Based sensors
DCS systems
OCS systems
Satellite Operations
Range Assets
Launch Systems
Missile Warning
Space Based
Ground Based
Space Radar
Comm
Wideband
Protected
Narrowband
Broadcast
Environmental
Timing & Navigation
Blue Force Tracking
Other Services
e.g., Value Added Processing DB DB DB DB DB
Space C2 Services
eg. Space Tasking
SSA Services
eg. Sensor Tasking, Fusion
Core Enterprise Services
(Service Discovery. Data Discovery, Security, etc.)
Other UDOPs
Includes liaison/coordination with National/Civil/Commercial/Allied Spaced Assets
SSA UDOP
Key Source
Space C2 UDOP

14. Space C2 Weapon System – Types of Information
GIG
Status and Tasking
Status and Tasking
Tasking and Mission Data
System Effects (GETS, CV)
Counterspace taskings
Collision avoidance maneuvers
Maintenance schedule direction
SCC priorities, Launch calls
Space Superiority
Constellation / system health & status
Maintenance & launch schedules
EW/RFI
Capability predictions by time or region
In-space events: Conjunctions, NFLs, Maneuvers, Re-entries, etc.
Feedback & Assessments (COAs, CC’s Intent
Assured Access
Global Surveillance Targeting and Tracking (GSTT)
Global Information Services (GIS)
SSA
OCS
DCS
Other Services
e.g., Value Added Processing DB DB DB DB DB
Space C2 Services
eg. Space Tasking
SSA Services
eg. Sensor Tasking, Fusion
Core Enterprise Services
(Service Discovery. Data Discovery, Security, etc.)
Other UDOPs
SSA UDOP
Key Source
Space C2 UDOP

15. Space C2 Weapon System Initially Focused on Two Key Processes
ENABLE SPACE TASKING
CYCLE
Continuous Flexible process to produce:
Space Ops Directive:
Strategies
Priorities
Master Space Plan:
Asset-to-Task Resource Allocation
Space Tasking Order (S-T-O)
Apply CDRJSO & Combatant Commanders’ Intent, Priorities & Objectives, ROE, ATO/SPINS
MAINTAIN INTEGRATED SPACE PICTURE
Events in the Medium of Space:
Conjunctions, Maneuvers, NFLs, Payload assessment, Red/Gray Space Order of Battle
Space environment assessment & projections
Blue space asset status and projections
Constellation / system health & status
Maintenance & launch schedules
Capability predictions by time or region
All said, this slide re-emphasizes that for the purposes of establishing the WS, our initial efforts will stem from the operational level and will focus on the Space Tasking Cycle and the integrated space picture.
The Space Tasking Cycle is a continuous, flexible process that applies CC Intent and objectives to provide the Space Tasking Order among other things
The ISP is the process of depicting what we could refer to as the Space COP plus—not only displaying the medium of space and what is in it, but also the capabilities of assets reflected in the space picture
This is not the WS in total, it is what we are using to “jumpstart” the WS

16. NCES-SOA

17. Falconer AOC vs JSpOC Core Process
Executes Joint Targeting Cycle
Strategy-to-task process
Effects-based operations
Requires internal & external coordination
Some activities span more than a single tasking cycle
24/7 operations (when activated)
Supports coalition operations
Operations planned at multiple security level
Intel critical throughout
Theater responsibilities
Single COCOM focus
Crisis operations
Up to taskings per ATO
Assets assigned/attached for single theater support
Joint Space Operations Center
Executes Joint Targeting Cycle
Strategy-to-task process
Effects-based operations
Requires internal & external coordination
Some activities span more than a single tasking cycle
24/7 operations
Supports coalition operations
Operations planned at multiple security levels
Intel critical throughout
Global responsibilities balanced w/ theaters’ support requirements
Services National, DoD, Civil and foreign customers
Peacetime and crisis operations coexist and support integrated globally
Average ~25 taskings per S-T-O
Assets are global requiring deconfliction across battlespace
DIFFERENCES SIMILARITIES

18. Space C2 WS Development Approach
Incremental Steps towards Comprehensive Net-Centric Space C2 WS
SBMCS
Worldwide system and web client users
NAV ACC, AOF, Look Angles (LA),
Mission Critical Reporting System (MCRS),
Automated Warning Capability
Full ISP
Full S-T-O
Automation
Sp C2 WS Block X
Initial ISP
GIS ISP
SSA ISP
Master Space
Plan Automation
Sp C2 WS
Global View (CJMTK)
Space OB
DSCS Data
SIRS
MCRS
SISP 1.0
Global View (ICSF)
MCRS
SIRS
SISP Prototype
AOF
MCRS
SBMCS

19. Space C2 WS Development Approach
Incremental Steps towards Comprehensive Net-Centric Space C2 WS
SISP Prototype
Initial developmental effort to consolidate dispersed
information into a single integrated picture Global Status View, Mission Critical Reporting System (MCRS) Alerts,
SATCOM Interference Reporting System (SIRS) Alerts,
RFI Geo-location data, SATCOM User Information
Full ISP
Full S-T-O
Automation
Sp C2 WS Block X
Initial ISP
GIS ISP
SSA ISP
Master Space
Plan Automation
Sp C2 WS
Global View (CJMTK)
Space OB
DSCS Data
SIRS
MCRS
SISP 1.0
Global View (ICSF)
MCRS
SIRS
SISP Prototype
AOF
MCRS
SBMCS

20. Space C2 WS Development Approach
Incremental Steps towards Comprehensive Net-Centric Space C2 WS
SISP 1.0
Net-centric SOA system development,
New Web Services for Simple Access, NAV ACC, AOF, Look Angles (LA), Combined AOF & LA,
HF Propagation, Sat Cat, Space Support Request, S-T-O,
Mission Critical Reporting System (MCRS)
Full ISP
Full S-T-O
Automation
Sp C2 WS Block X
Initial ISP
GIS ISP
SSA ISP
Master Space
Plan Automation
Sp C2 WS
Global View (CJMTK)
Space OB
DSCS Data
SIRS
MCRS
SISP 1.0
Global View (ICSF)
MCRS
SIRS
SISP Prototype
AOF
MCRS
SBMCS

21. Space C2 WS Development Approach
Incremental Steps towards Comprehensive Net-Centric Space C2 WS
Sp C2 WS
Initial Space C2 Weapon System capability providing an
integrated command and control system
Integrated Space Picture, Space Tasking Order
Development tool
Full ISP
Full S-T-O
Automation
Sp C2 WS Block X
ISP
GIS ISP
SSA ISP
Master Space
Plan Automation
Sp C2 WS
Global View (CJMTK)
Space OB
DSCS Data
SIRS
MCRS
SISP 1.0
Global View (ICSF)
MCRS
SIRS
SISP Prototype
AOF
MCRS
SBMCS

22. Space C2 WS Development Approach
Incremental Steps towards Comprehensive Net-Centric Space C2 WS
Sp C2 WS Block X
Net-centric Service Oriented Architecture capability,
Expanded space data access, fully capable Integrated Space Picture, Space Tasking Order Automation,
Robust Strategy-to-Task Tool
Full ISP
Full S-T-O
Automation
Sp C2 WS Block X
ISP
GIS ISP
SSA ISP
Master Space
Plan Automation
Sp C2 WS
Global View (CJMTK)
Space OB
DSCS Data
SIRS
MCRS
SISP 1.0
Global View (ICSF)
MCRS
SIRS
SISP Prototype
AOF
MCRS
SBMCS

23. Space C2 WS Way Ahead HPT Periodic Reviews Team Effort
FY 06
FY 07
Enabling
Concept
3 Ltr Coord
Periodic Reviews
2 Ltr Coord
Final
Org Construct
Proposal
Stand-up
6 month review
C2 Int in all Sp Programs, Documents updates, etc.
Vision 2.0
Cost Est
Group
AFSPC Appr
FY 08 POM
Defend HQAF
HQ AF, STRATCOM, AS2ISRC, ISAG, etc.
Advocacy
C2 SSA
COI Pilot
Development
-SISP 1.0
-Prototype
-SpC2S 10.1
-Other Efforts
-SpC2S 20
CDR
FDE
Field
Team Effort
18 Core Members/25 Augmentees
AOs=Daily / O-6s=Weekly / GOs=Bi-weekly
Advocacy
Who & When defined; What being tweaked
ISAG Lead first target
Management Organization
Initial Champion
Final decision point
Integrated Roadmap
Dev
Eval/Exercise
Dev
Eval/Exercise
Field
Automate Integrated Space Picture, Automate S-T-O Process
JSpOC Baseline, SCTD, GPS Interface, SBIRS Tasker, Deconfliction, COI Pilot, JSpOC-X, RAIDRS
Initial Planning
Refinement
Execution Prep
CC Updates
June
July
Aug
Sep
Oct
Jan 06
Apr
Jul
Oct
Jan 07
Apr
Jul
Oct
Jan 08

24. Overview
The Challenge - Synchronizing Global & Theater Space Effects to the Combatant Commander, Satisfying Timing & Tempo Needs
The Solution – a Space C2 Weapon System
Bottom Line
Sir, our agenda for today.

25. Benefits – Bottom Lines
NC is cool, will bring good things to all mankind
Syncronization of timing/tempo/effects enables Space to exponentially improve how it supports theater