1. SMUCSE 8394 BTS – Communications II Requirements and Technologies

2. SMUCSE 8394 BTS Communication Requirements –Redundant links for robustness –Terrain and distance dependent –Compatible/non-interfering with existing systems Technologies –Satellite –RF, Microwave –Fiber-optic –Commercial phones (land lines and wireless –IP Links

3. SMUCSE 8394 Satellite Orbits Low Earth Orbit (LOE) –200- 1000 Miles Above Ground Level –.03 Second Roundtrip Latency for Upload and Download –Used by military satellites Middle Earth Orbits (MEO) –6250 - 13000 Miles Above Ground Level –.06 to.14 Second Roundtrip Latency Geo-synchronous Orbit –22,300 Miles Above Ground Level –.24 Second Roundtrip Latency –Used by most commercial satellites

4. SMUCSE 8394 Satellite Remote Sensing Optical Radar –Insensitive to weather –Sensitive to ground conditions

5. SMUCSE 8394 Microwave Links Benefits: –No need to dig –Only option over inhospitable terrain or congested areas –Despite low cost, broadcast level video quality COFDM (Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex) helps in the noisy urban areas –Excellent for ad hoc deployment Specs –Single channel (To collecting points) –Multi-channel

6. SMUCSE 8394 Typical Setup

7. SMUCSE 8394 Microwave Repeaters

8. SMUCSE 8394 COFDM Advantages

9. SMUCSE 8394 Advanced Microwave Setup

10. SMUCSE 8394 Advanced Microwave Setup (Relay)

11. SMUCSE 8394 New Technologies Courtesy: ParcelCall

12. SMUCSE 8394 Generations of Wireless Technologies 1G: 1979-1992 analog wireless technology 2G: current digital wireless technology –TDMA (GSM: Global Systems of Mobile Communication) –CDMA 2.5G: interim technology accommodates graphics 3G: non-IP based technology (2001-2005) supports rich media (video clips) 4G: fully IP-based network (2006-2010) GPRS: General Packet Radio Services WCDMA: Wideband CDMA

13. SMUCSE 8394 Wireless Technologies (Cont’d) GPS: Satellite-based Global Positioning System SMS: Short Message Service (e-mail, up to 160 characters) EMS: Enhanced Messaging Service –Extension of SMS; simple animation, tiny picture, short melody MMS: Multimedia Messaging Service –Rich media of next generation UMTS : Universal Mobile Telecommunications System for 3G mobile standard WAP : Wireless Application Protocol for Internet Browsing

14. SMUCSE 8394 Automated Vehicle Location (AVL) GPS to track vehicles Already more than a million vehicles in the US with AVL $3 billion business by 2007 In line with the new vision for BTS

15. SMUCSE 8394 New Interesting Proposals Airships –Comparison with UAVs, Satellites