2. The forerunner of the camera: The Camera Obscura
Translates to “dark room”
A dark chamber or room with a hole (later a lens) in one wall, through which images of objects outside the room were projected on the opposite wall.

3. The camera obscura was initially used as a drawing aid:

4. Camera Obscura Diagram:

5. Camera Obscura concept used in a room in a house:

6. The dilemna…
Although the camera obscura was a great tool for projecting an image, the problem was that there was not a solution for making the image permanent.

7. Who’s Who? Photography contributors and their advancements in the field of photography…

8. Joseph Niepce
Joseph Niepce was credited for producing the world’s first photograph in 1826
An 8-hour exposure was needed to create the photograph
Although far from perfect, this represented a milestone in the advancement of art

9. The World’s First Photograph Joseph Niepce - 1826

10. Louis Daguerre 1837 1837- Recorded an image that was clear and sharp
Exposure lasted 10 – 20 minutes
Used methods others could easily duplicate
Named his process: Daguerreotype
1837
One drawback: the image is a POSITIVE- and only one print can be made

11. Mathew Brady
Worked with a “negative” image with a reverse of white and black values
This allowed for unlimited multiples to be printed!
Famous for his portrait of Abraham Lincoln

12. Julia Margaret Cameron
Use of strong contrast of dark and light
Emphasis on the head and face
A soft – faintly blurred – focus
Fondness for a profile view – as we see in the portraits below:

13. George Eastman
Founded the Kodak company, which was once widely recognized for quality photographic supplies
In 1888 introduced roll film, which revolutionized the photo process. This meant that instead of plates and sheets, film could be bought in rolls and made more accessible to the general public

14. Working with film- The Darkroom
A “dark” space generally set up with yellow or red lights.
Enlargers are used to hold film, and project an image onto light sensitive paper.
When light filters through the “negative” of the film and hits light sensitive paper, a “positive” print is created.
Paper passes through a set of chemicals- and “voila!”, a print is made!

15. Dorothea Lange
Worked for the Farm Security Administration (FSA) to record conditions across the nation
Devoted her attention to migrants who had been uprooted from their farms during the Depression
Created a photograph that touched the hearts of the world:
Migrant Mother (1936)

16. Henry Robinson Experimented with artistic capabilities of photography
Used photographs with his audience in mind
Created a scene by creating a composite of five separate negatives
Wanted to tell a story through the use of actors

17. Alfred Stieglitz
Applied an approach of “pure” or “straight” photography
Considered it a point of honor not to crop or manipulate a photo
Emphasis on formal values and faithfulness to the essence of the medium

18. Ansel Adams Known for his photos of nature
Stressed the need to consider the finished composition in advance
Practiced photography as an art

19. Advancements with cameras:

20. “Instant Photography” with the Polaroid Camera that produced prints from the camera in 60 seconds

21. The age of the small camera- Precision German Cameras

22. The electronic flash- the beginning of an era of ultra high-speed exposures

23. Color Film

24. The Digital Revolution…
Introduction of CCD sensors to record an image- replacing film and changing the process of photography.
Based on the revelation of taking a picture and seeing it immediately on the camera.
Began to work with image editing programs- most significantly- Photoshop.
Further challenged the idea of image editing vs. the photographers ability to capture the image without the need for manipulation.

25. And now- something kinda funky- Darkroom Process Combined with Digital Process:
Photographers with the “Indiegogo project” are coming up with creative methods of producing images using a smartphone that are developed with traditional darkroom techniques.
Check out this cool video:

26. Photo Activity! We will be making PHOTOGRAMS in the darkroom!
Follow the sheet- and work with your table to come up with a creative composition with various materials!

27. PHOTOGRAM set-up:
Half the class will do this today, half tomorrow. If you are not in the darkroom: either work on your journal, or review the PowerPoint and chapter on photography- as we will have a 10 point quiz tomorrow!
Pair up and set up a random mix of objects on a 5 x 7 sheet of paper.
Consider a variety of shapes, materials (some transparent, some not), and size.
Follow the steps in the packet.
After you make a “negative” print, I will show you the process of making a “positive” print.