1. Ancient Greece
1750 B.C. – 133 B.C.

2. Early People of the Aegean
Section 1

3. Minoans
Located in the middle of the Aegean Sea, the isle of Crete was home to a brilliant civilization
The people who lived their were called Minoans

4. Minoans Trade and Prosper
Success was based on trade, not conquest.
Through contact with Egypt and Mesopotamia, they acquired ideas and technology in fields such as writing and architecture.

5. Knossos The rulers of the Minoans lived in a vast palace at Knossos
The Knossos included religious shrines, area dedicated to the honor of gods and goddesses.

7. Art at Knossos
Walls covered in Frescoes= watercolor paintings done on wet plaster
Learn a lot about Minoan society through fresco paintings
Dolphins
Gods (Bull)
Women had more rights

8. Minoan Civilization Disappears
Minoan civilization eventually vanished
Volcanic eruption?
Earthquake?
Invaders? The Mycenaeans, the first Greek speaking people of whom we have a written record.

9. Trade and War in Mycenae
Mycenaeans were sea traders who reached out to Sicily, Italy, Egypt, and Mesopotamia.
Mycenaeans learned many skills from the Minoans, including the art of writing
Lived in separate city-states on the mainland

11. The Trojan War Mycenae and Troy had an economic rivalry.
Troy was a rich trading city that controlled the vital straights connecting the Mediterranean and Black seas.
The Trojan Prince named Paris kidnapped Helen, the wife of a Greek King, and the Mycenaeans sailed to Troy to rescue her
War finally ended after 10 years when the Greeks finally seized Troy and burned the city to the ground.

13. Homer and the Great Legends of Greece
After the victory of Troy the Mycenae's themselves were attacked and conquered by the Durians.
Much of what we know about the Trojan War and life during this period comes from two great epic poems the Iliad and the Odyssey.
Both poems were written by Homer, a blind poet who went from village to village.

15. Iliad and Odyssey The Iliad is the chief source about the Trojan War.
The Odyssey tells of the many struggles of the Greek hero Odysseus on the return home to his wife after the fall of Troy

16. The Rise of Greek City-States
Section 2

17. Geography Shapes Greece
Greece is apart of the Balkan Peninsula
Hundreds of rocky islands
Each city-state included a city and its surrounding countryside

19. Life by the Sea
With hundreds of bays, the Greek coastline offered safe harbors for ships.
Greeks were skilled sailors and traded throughout the region.

20. Governing the City-States
The Greeks learned about how best to govern each individual Greek polis, or city-state.
The city was built on two levels.
TOP: Acropolis: High City with a great marble temple dedicated to the different gods and goddesses.
Bottom: Walled main city with its marketplace, theater, public buildings, and homes.

21. Governing the City-States
Population of each city-state was very small so the citizens shared a sense of responsibility for its triumphs and defeats
Citizens= Free residents
Male citizens spent much of their time outdoors in the marketplace, debating issues that affected their lives
Held festivals honoring the special gods and goddesses.
Male landowner held all the political power (unequal rights)

22. Types of Government Evolve
Monarchy= a government in which a hereditary ruler exercises central power.
Aristocracy= rule by a hereditary landholding elite
Oligarchy= Power is in the hands of a small, wealthy elite.

23. New warfare Methods Shape Greece
The Phalanx= a massive tactical formation of heavily armed foot soldiers.
The cities defense was now in the hands of ordinary citizens
This new technology led the two most influential cities, Athens and Sparta, to develop very different ways of life
Sparta- military virtues and discipline
Athens- individual and extended political rights

25. The Spartans

26. Athens

27. Greek Gods

28. Conflict in the Greek World
Section 3

29. The Persian Wars
The Persians conquered the Greek city-states Ionia and Asia Minor
In 499 B.C. the Greeks rebelled against Persian rule and Athens sent ships to help them.
However the Persians soon crushed the rebel cities

30. Athenians win at Marathon
Darius I was furious at the role Athens played in the uprising.
So he sent a huge force across the Aegean Sea to punish Athens for its interference.
Athens received little help from neighboring Greek city-states.

31. Athenians win at Marathon
Persians used arrows, but the Greeks continued to fight hard.
The Persians became overwhelmed and had to retreat to their ships.
Athens celebrated but knew they had to prepare for the Persians to come back.
So the Athenian leader Themistocles urged Athenians to build a fleet of warships.

32. Greek city-states Unite
When Darius of Persia died, his son Xerxes sent a much larger force to conquer Greece.
By this time Athens had joined forces with Sparta and other city-states.
But the Persian force was just to much.
Persians burned Athens.

33. End of the Persian Wars
The Greeks now put their faith in the faith of ships they had built.
Athenian warships eventually drove into Persian ships and sank their ships.
The next year the Greeks defeated the Persians on land in Asia Minor.

34. Delian League
Athens emerged as the most powerful city-state in Greece.
Athens formed the Delian League alliance.
When allies protested and wanted to leave the alliance they used force to make them stay.

35. Direct Democracy
Athens leader Pericles allowed for Athens to grow and prosper.
Pericles Athens was a Direct Democracy.

36. Direct Democracy Assembly met several times a month
A council of 500 conducted daily government business.
Pericles believed all citizens should take part in government.
Athens began to pay a stipend for men who participated in government.

37. Juries
A jury is a panel of citizens who have the authority to make the final judgment in a trial.
Athenian juries might have included hundreds or thousands of jurors.

38. Ostracism
Citizens could also vote to banish a public figure whom they saw as a threat to their democracy.

39. Peloponnesian War
Many Greeks outside Athens resented Athenian domination.
Sparta and other enemies of Athens formed the Peloponnesian League against Athens and the Delian League.
Sparta and Athens then began to fight for 27 years.

41. Sparta Defeats Athens
Athens defeat marked the end of Athenian domination of the Greek world.
A new power arose in Macedonia.

42. The Glory That Was Greece
Section 4

43. Socrates

44. Plato

45. Aristotle

46. Parthenon

47. Greek Theaters

48. Greek sculptures

49. Alexander and the Hellenistic Age
Section 5

51. The Empire of Alexander the Great
Phillip II conquered Greece
Defeated Athens and Thebes
Wanted to conquer the Persian Empire but died before he could do so.
Phillip was Assassinated.

52. Alexander the Great
Alexander was only 20 years old when he took the throne
Began organizing the forces needed to conquer Persia which stretched from Egypt to India.
Conquered much of the Persian Empire because Persia was weak.
Never lost a battle.
Extended the Empire as far east as India.

54. Alexander’s Early Death
Alexander dies at the age of 32 when he fell victim to a sudden fever
Alexander wanted to leave the empire to “the strongest”
Macedonia and Greece went to one general.
Egypt to another
Most of Persia to a third
*For the next 300 years these three powers competed for power over lands Alexander had conquered.

55. The Legacy of Alexander
The Spread of Greek culture
Founded many new cities
Built Greek temples
Local people assimilated Greek ideas
*The result was a blend of Greek, Egyptian, and Indian influences.

56. Alexandria: The Cultural Capital
Located on the sea lanes between Europe and Asia
Was the Egyptian cultural capital of the Hellenistic World
Home to 1 million people
Pharos (an enormous lighthouse)
Built a great museum.

58. Hellenistic Philosophers
Stoicism
Urged people to avoid desires and disappointments by accepting calmly whatever life brought

59. Advances in Math and Astronomy
Pythagoras- derived a formula to calculate the relationship between the sides of a right triangle
Aristarchus- argued that the Earth rotated on its axis and orbited the sun
Archimedes- Applied principles of physics to make practical inventions.
mastered the use of a lever and pulley

60. Improving Medical Practice
Hippocrates- Set ethical Standards for doctors.

61. In-Class Activity Complete The Chapter assessment found on page 146
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