1. The Bureaucracy

2. Bureaucracy:
A systematic structure that handles the everyday business of an organization

3. Bureaucrats
The staff members (civil servants) of the federal bureaucracy
Most belong to the Executive branch, but some report to Congress

4. Federal bureaucracy is organized into ...
Agencies
Boards
Commissions
Corporations
Advisory committees

5. Why have a bureaucracy?
Efficient: clear chain of command, one person is boss with final decision
Effective: set procedures and rules, specific functions, defined responsibilities

6. When the U.S. was formed, there were 2,120 … today nearly 3 million people work for the federal government!

7. How is the Executive Branch organized?
President and Vice President
President = Chief Executive
Vice President = must have same qualifications as President; presidential succession
White House Office
-organize and manage the Executive branch based on structure style
Run the day-to-day affairs
Appointed by President (some need approval)
SUPPORT
POLICY
POLITICS AND MANAGEMENT
3 areas of White House Office

8. Political and Management
Chief of Staff
Closet advisor
No Senate approval
Coordinate day-to-day activities of the President
Oversee other offices
National Security Advisor
Daily security briefings
This person often becomes
Secretary of State
Denis McDonough
Susan Rice

9. Policy Executive office of the President
Key White House staff, close advisors and experts (appointed by President, some need approval)
Offices:
Office of White House
Office of VP
Only constitutional duties: President of Senate, 25th amendment becomes President is President is disabled, Presidential succession
Office of Management and Budget
Assist President in preparing budget and supervise administration after Senate approves *Economic Policy
Office of Administration
US Trade Representatives
Advise President on foreign trade and negotiating agreements

10. Support Press Secretary NO Senate approval
Chief spokesman for the President
Control flow of information and set agenda
In charge of press briefs
Josh Earnest

11. Cabinet
The Cabinet is made up of the 15 Executive departments created to advise the President and oversee a specific policy area

12. Cabinet
Article II – “heads of departments”; but doesn’t list specifics about president’s advisors
Chosen for expertise in area
Appointed by President, confirmed by Senate
Must be “vetted” (review credentials)
Can be fired by President without Senate approval
Becoming more diverse
Each department has many levels of authority

13. Inner Cabinet: President’s closest advisors

14. 1. Department of State Secretary of State = John Kerry
Implements foreign policy
Staffs embassies (offices of ambassadors in foreign countries)
Represents the U.S. at United Nations

15. 2. Department of Treasury
Secretary of Treasury = Jack Lew
Manages the nation’s money
Collect and oversee taxes
Borrow and print money

16. 3. Department of Defense Secretary of Defense: Ashton Carter
Manage armed forces
Maintain forts, bases, harbors
Conduct military intelligence

17. 4. Department of Justice Attorney General = Eric Holder
Attorney for U.S.
Run FBI, maintain federal prisons
Investigate federal law violations

18. 5. Department of Interior
Protect public parks and land
DNR
Native American Programs

19. 6. Department of Agriculture
Help farmers (subsidies)
Food stamps/EBT
School lunch program

20. 7. Department of Commerce
Business in U.S. and abroad
Census
Weather service, patents, weights, measures
Tide and current report

21. 8. Department of Labor Protect American workers Minimum wage
Unemployment
Job training

22. 9. Department of Health and Human Services
Implements national health policy
Social Security and Medicare
Food, drug and Cosmetics laws (works with FDA)

23. 10. Department of Housing and Urban Development
Public housing
Ensures equal housing
Improves roads, sewers

24. 11. Department of Transportation
Interstates, railroads, airports, mass transit regulation and safety standards

25. 12. Department of Energy Plans energy policy Gas and electric sales
Conservation programs

26. 13. Department of Education
Federal assistance programs for schools
College grants and loans
NCLB and Race to the Top

27. 14. Department of Veteran Affairs
Benefits, hospital care and education for veterans and their families

28. 15. Department of Homeland Security
Controls border patrol (immigration), Coast Guard, Disaster Relief (FEMA), Secret Service, works with FBI and CIA

29. Independent Agencies and Corporations

30. Independent Executive Agencies
Similar to cabinet department, but without status
Examples: NASA and CIA

31. Independent Regulatory Agencies
Created by Congress, appointed by President, approved by Senate
Quasi-judicial and quasi-legislative
Examples: FTC (trade), FCC (media), FEC (campaigns), EPA (Environment), FDA (food and drugs), CSPC (product recalls), OHSA (health and safety at work), Federal Reserve (inflation and interest)

32. Government Corporations
Government run businesses that provide services
Examples: TVA, FDIC, USPS, AMTRACK, PBS

33. Regulation or Deregulation?
Why regulate?
Lobbyists often pressure the agencies
Agencies and industries that they regulate can develop close relationships because of the revolving door (changing from government job to lobbyist)
Ethics in Government Act 1978, Ethics Reform Act 1989

34. Regulation Acts Administrative Procedure Act 1946
Before adopting new rules, the agency must notify, hold hearings, and request comments
Freedom of Information Act 1966
Citizens have the right to inspect government records
National Environmental Policy 1969
Must issue impact statement before any action involving environment
Privacy Act 1974
Government files about people (SS and taxes) are confidential
Open Meeting Law 1976
Agency meetings must be open to the public (except military, national security, etc.)

35. Impact of Regulations Waste – slow, costs more money
Red tape – too many rules and procedures
Conflict – meet one criteria, messes up another
Duplication – lots of forms and steps
Imperialism – act without regard to others