1. Chapter 5 Classical Greece

2. Section 1: Cultures of the Mountains and the Sea

4. Geography Shapes Greek Life
Peninsula
2,000 islands in
Aegean and
Ionian

5. Geography Shapes Greek Life Continued
The Sea
Seas were important transportation routes
They lacked natural resources

6. Geography Shapes Greek Life Continued
The Land
¾ mountains divided land into regions
Influenced political life
Made transportation difficult
Only a part was arable
Not much fresh water
Land couldn’t support a big population

7. Geography Shapes Greek Life Continued
The Climate
Varied climate 48 – 80 degrees
Outdoor life style
Public events to discuss issues, news and partake in civic life.

8. Mycenaean Civilization Develops

9. Mycenaean Civilization Develops Continued
Leading city: Mycenae
Mycenaean rulers controlled cities like Tiryns and Athens
Describe what the city looked like

11. Contact with Minoans Minoan influence
Seaborne trade
Writing
Culture
Mycenaean's came into contact with Minoans possibly through war or trade.
Lead to trading in other locations

12. The Trojan War

13. The Trojan War Reality or not? Mycenaean's vs. Troy (Anatolia)
Trojan Prince kidnapped Helen, wife of a Greek King, Menelaus.
Menelaus’s brother was Agamemnon
Show pictures
Reality or not?
Heinrich Schliemann

17. Greek Culture Declines Under the Dorians

18. Greek Culture Declines Under the Dorians Continued
1200 sea raiders burned Mycenaean cities
Dorians came into the area
Not as advanced as the Mycenaean's
Economy collapsed, art of writing lost

19. Greek Culture Declines Under the Dorians Continued
Epics of Homer
History told through the
spoken word: epics
Trojan War led to Iliad
Achilles vs. Hector

20. Greek Culture Declines Under the Dorians Continued
Greeks create Myths
Myths created through Homer’s epics and Theogony, written by Hesiod
These myths taught about the mysteries of nature and the power of human passions
Human qualities attributed to gods
Zeus lives on Mount Olympus with Hera
Athena

21. Aphrodite Zeus Hera Apollo
Pan
Hermes
Athena
Ares Hephaestus Demeter
Poseidon
Artimis Dionysus

22. Chapter 5 Section 2 Warring City-States
During the Dorian period two changes occurred
Dorians and Mycenaeans identified with ancestors less, local area more
Formal governments established
What was the switch from?

23. Rule and Order in Greek City-States
Polis was the
political unit
Made of city and countryside
City government discussed at the agora in the acropolis

26. Greek Political Structures
Aristocracy
Small group of noble landowning families ruled
Athens before 594
Oligarchy
Few powerful people
Sparta
City-states had different forms of government
Monarchy
Single person, King, ruled
Mycenae

27. Tyrants Seize Power
Clashes occurred between ruler and the common people.
Powerful people seized control of the government and became tyrants.
What are tyrants considered to be?
Tyrants looked to common people for support

28. Athens Builds a Limited Democracy
Athens started the idea of a representative government
Avoided power struggles between rich and the poor by moving to democracy

29. Building Democracy Draco took power 621 B.C. Draco’s Legal Code
Said Athenians were equal under the law
Criminals dealt with harshly
Was for debt slavery

30. Building Democracy Continued
Solon 594 B.C.
No slavery
No debt slavery
Created 4 social groups based on wealth
Only top 3 classes could hold political office.
Everyone could participate in a assembly
Citizen could bring charges against wrongdoers

31. Building Democracy Continued
Cleisthenes 500 B.C.
Broke up nobility power by dividing citizens into 10 groups
Based on location not wealth
Increased power of the assembly
All citizens could submit laws for debate and passage

32. Building Democracy Continued
Created the Council of Five Hundred
Proposed laws and counseled assembly
Council chosen by lot
Citizenship restricted to
Free adult male property owners born in Athens

33. Athenian Education Only sons of wealthy families received education
Age 7
Prepared them to be good citizens.
Discuss what this involves
Older
Military school
Girls
Family

34. Sparta Builds a Military State
Sparta located in the Peloponnesus
No democracy, built a military state

35. Sparta Dominates Messenia's
725 B.C.
Sparta conquers Messenia
Messenia's became helots
650 B.C. Messenia's revolted.
Spartans were able to put down revolt.

36. Sparta’s Government and Society
Branches of Spartan Government
Assembly
Spartan citizens
Elected officials
Voted
Council of Elders
30 older citizens
Proposed laws that the assembly voted on
Five elected officials
Carried out laws passed by the assembly
Controlled education
Prosecuted court cases
Two kings
Ruled over Sparta’s military

37. Spartan Social Order Citizens originally from region Free Noncitizens
Helots in Arms
Spartan Social Order
Citizens originally from region
Ruling families who owned land
Free Noncitizens
Worked commerce and industry
Helots
Slaves

38. Spartan Daily Life
For approximately 300 years, Sparta had the most powerful army in Greece
Individuality was not encouraged
What values were lost and sought?
Age 7 moved to army barracks until age 30
Describe what their living situations were.

39. Spartan Military Education
After lengthy training, many Spartan boys participated in the krypteia, or secret police
Armed with daggers, assassinated helots
Instilled a sense of ruthlessness in the Spartan youth
Helped maintain the Spartan social order by instilling a permanent sense of insecurity and terror in helot communities.

40. Spartan Military Education
Men expected to serve in the army until age 60
Girls: some military training, service to Sparta came first
Spartan women ran family estates when husbands gone

41. The Persian Wars

42. A New Kind of Army Emerges
Who originally served in the army?
Shift from bronze to iron weapons did what to the army?
The phalanx, formed by hoplites, became a fierce fighting force.

44. Battle at Marathon Persian Wars between Greece vs. Persians
Began in Ionia – Greeks had been there; around 546 B.C. Persians conquered
Ionian Greeks revolted, Athens sent ships to help
Persian King Darius the Great defeated them, vowed to destroy Athens in revenge

45. Battle at Marathon Continued
490 B.C. Persians land on Marathon
Phalanxes waited for them
25,000 Persians, 10,000 Athenians– who won?

46. Pheidippides Brings News
Athens was defenseless
Pheidippides raced back to Athens, 26 miles
He said “Rejoice, we conquer”, then collapsed and died
Greeks arrived, Persians retreated

47. Thermopylae and Salamis
480 B.C. Darius the Great’s son, Xerxes, went to crush Athens
Some Greeks wanted to fight, some wanted to give up Athens
Some Greeks fought on Persian side
Xerxes easily marched down eastern coast of Greece
At the mountain pass Thermopylae, 7000 Greeks (300 were Spartans) blocked Xerxes way

49. Thermopylae and Salamis Continued
Fought for three days
A traitor informed Persians of a secret path
Fearing defeat, the 300 Spartans stayed, rest of Greek forces retreated
Athenians tried to figure out how to best defend the city

50. Thermopylae and Salamis Continued
Themistocles (Athenian leader) got Athens to defend at sea
Athenian fleet positioned near Salamis

51. Thermopylae and Salamis Continued
Xerxes set fire to Athens
He then tried to block the channel
Small Greek ships defeated Persians

52. Thermopylae and Salamis Continued
479 B.C. Persians again defeated at the Battle of Plataea
(pluh TEE uh)
Persians now on the defensive

53. Thermopylae and Salamis Continued
478 B.C. Greek city states formed the Delian (DEE lee uhn) League and forced Persian forces to leave their territories

54. Consequences of the Persian Wars
Athens became the leader of Delian League
Used military force to control members who challenged them
Athens enters its golden age