1. Prepared by George Holt Digital Photography BITMAP GRAPHIC ESSENTIALS

2. Prepared by George Holt Contents 1.Describe a bitmap based graphic. 2.Use a graphics application software package to edit bitmap based graphic. 3.Create and print a bitmap based graphic. 4.Insert stored graphics into a current drawing and into a simple document.

3. Prepared by George Holt Describe a bitmap based graphic. Identify the features of a bitmap based graphic. Describe how each graphic type is stored, ie file format Identify examples of bitmap based graphics.

4. Prepared by George Holt Identify the features of a bitmap based graphic. Raster Graphics = Bitmap based graphics –Graphics made up of rows and columns of pixels. Pixels –The smallest unit of a raster graphic. A pixel contains an individual colour. Colour depth –The number of possible colours that can be contained in a raster graphic. Eg 24 bit colour which gives 16.7 Million different colours. Resolution –A measure of the quality of the image in terms of how many pixels it has. Eg 800x600 pixels or 300pixels per inch(ppi) Digital data –Data that can be expressed in terms of numbers. It is both accurate and reproducible.

5. Prepared by George Holt What are these file types?.jpg.rtf.PSD.TIF.PDF.BMP.GIF.txt.ppt.xls.doc

6. Prepared by George Holt Lets sort them out.?.jpg.rtf.PSD.TIF.PDF.BMP.GIF.txt.ppt.xls.doc Raster Graphics Documents

7. Prepared by George Holt Resolution Images can be measured in 3 ways. Megapixels eg 7.1MP The number of pixels Width x height. Eg 800x600=480,000pix els or 0.5MP The number of pixels per inch for printing on paper.C ommon resolutions include: 72 pixels per inch (ppi) for screen quality. 150 pixels per inch (ppi) for Newspaper quality. 300 pixels per inch (ppi) for photo quality.

8. Prepared by George Holt Colour Depth The number of possible colours that can be contained in a raster graphic. Colour is stored in photographs by allocating storage space in the form of bits and bytes of data. Each pixel in a raster graphic is allocated a colour. Eg 24 bit colour gives 16.7 Million different colours. 24 bit colour means 24 bits or 3 bytes of data is allocated to each pixel in the image.

9. Prepared by George Holt Colour Depth Colour depth No of Colours BitsBytesNotes Black and White 2 colours 2 to the power of 1 (because there is only 1 bit of data/pixel) 1bit1/8 byte Commonly used for scanned text documents Greyscale256 versions of grey 2 to the power of 8 8 bits 1 byte Greyscale is commonly referred to in photography as black and white but obviously the image contains more than just pure black and pure white. 24bit Colour 16.7Million colours 2 to the power of 24 24 bits 3 bytes Red – 1 byte – 256 variations Green – 1 byte – 256 variations Blue – 1 byte – 256 variations 256x256x256=16.7Million

10. Prepared by George Holt Calculating File Sizes. File sizes for uncompressed raster graphics can be calculated by multiplying the number of pixels by the number of bits per pixel. Example1: Calculate the following file size as a bitmap. A greyscale image is 800 x 600 pixels 800 x 600 = 480,000 pixels a greyscale image uses 1 byte of data per pixel. 800 x 600 x 1 = 480,000 bytes divide by 1024 to get Kilobytes 800 x 600 x 1 /1024 = 469 Kb Example2: Calculate the following file size as a bitmap. A 24bit colour image is 800 x 600 pixels 800 x 600 = 480,000 pixels a 24bit colour image uses 3 bytes of data per pixel. 800 x 600 x 3 = 1,440,000 bytes divide by 1024 to get Kilobytes 800 x 600 x 3 /1024 = 1406Kb

11. Prepared by George Holt File Formats Graphics are stored in files. Common File types include: BMP an uncompressed raster graphic filetype. This is Microsoft's native graphic file format. JPG or JPEG a lossy compressed raster graphic. JPEG supports millions of colours and allows for graphic compression. GIF a lossless raster graphic that can only show 256 colours. Often used for logos and animated graphics on web pages. TIF a lossless compressed raster graphic. Can store layers and multiple pages. PSD This is Photoshop's native file format. If you have created a graphic with a multitude of layers (especially type layers), and you want to save these layers for any changes that you intend to make in the future, then save the graphic in Photoshop format because it is the only format that allows you to save layers. For all other formats, you must first Flatten Layers (under the Layer menu) before you can save the graphic. Look at the GRAPHIC FILE FORMAT OVERVIEW handout

12. Prepared by George Holt RAW (*.raw) Professional Digital Cameras (High End) Uncompressed and unedited – excellent quality and detail Requires dedicated software to view images

13. Prepared by George Holt TIFF (*.tif) Tagged image File Format A lossless compressed raster graphic Supports Layers and Multiple pages Commonly used for scanned text documents A common file type used in desktop publishing

14. Prepared by George Holt JPEG (*.jpg) Joint Photographics Expert Group Most Common Image File used by Digital Cameras “Lossy” Compression – loses data on compression by merging colours. Image quality degrades as compression is increased 16.7 million colours

15. Prepared by George Holt GIF (*.gif) Graphics Interchange Format Lossless compressed raster graphic Allows for a colour range of 2 to 256 Colours Not enough colour depth for photos but can have transparent sections Used for text, logos, animations and simple pictures. Commonly used for the Web although the PNG file type may partially replace it.

16. Prepared by George Holt Photoshop Document (*.psd) Native Adobe Photoshop file format Allows complex image including layers and filter effects to be saved and edited at a later date Large file size

17. Prepared by George Holt PDF (*.pdf) Portable Document Format. A file type developed by Adobe to standardise document display. Can contain images and text. Images are compressed within PDF files as either GIF or JPG. Text is stored with its fonts embedded. Pages will be displayed exactly as they were formatted on the designers computer. Commonly used in web sites and can contain multiple pages, popup notes and hyperlinks. The Adobe Reader software is Free to download from the web. Documents can be password secured to stop changes or even printing.

18. Prepared by George Holt Raster Graphic File Types Comparison File TypeCompressionWebLayersMultiple Pages Main Purpose RAWNoNO High grade images direct from camera. TIFFLossless (Large file sizes) Yes Scanned text documents JPGLossy (Small file sizes) YesNo Photos on the Web or to email. GIFLossless (Small file sizes) YesNo Animations and logos on the web or logos and simple graphics in documents. Can have transparent sections. Limited up to 256 colours PSDNONoYesUsed by Photoshop for works in progress PDFYes (Variable) YesNoYesDisplaying documents exactly as they were designed containing text, fonts and graphics

19. Prepared by George Holt Identify examples of bitmap based graphics. Check the properties of some common file types. Zoom into the image and see the pixels. Check the File properties from Windows Explorer. Right Click on the file and choose properties.

20. Prepared by George Holt Editing raster graphics. Open a graphics applications software package and identify the basic information displayed on the screen, eg Photoshop or Paintshop. Identify the purpose of each of the basic graphics tools. Use graphics tools to edit a graphic, eg resize, change shape, colour. Save a graphic, differentiating between 'save' and 'save as'. Store the graphic in a specified folder. Exit the application without loss of data.

21. Prepared by George Holt Model makeover Open the file for the model makeover. Identify the parts of the screen. Select pixels Change colours Save changes to local C: drives.

22. Prepared by George Holt Stonehenge Sunset Use layers to create the Stonehenge sunset from 3 images. The selection and magic wand tools can be used to delete unwanted parts of the layers.

23. Prepared by George Holt Create and print a bitmap based graphic. Create a graphic using graphic tools to draw boxes, circles, text, lines etc. Use the features of the graphics software application to enhance the drawing, eg morphing, artistic appearance, colour balance, etc. Print the graphic using the functions of the graphics software application. Do the Drawing with Photoshop Exercise.

24. Prepared by George Holt Inserting stored graphics into documents. Retrieve created graphic from storage and insert into a current drawing. Insert a graphic into a simple created document. Edit the graphic from the document. Print the document.