1. Unit 2-1
How did the government and philosophies of the Greek city-states influence the development of Rome and its preservation throughout the scope of the Byzantine Empire?

2. Geography
Peninsula and islands with many inlets and bays
Rough mountainous terrain
Divides Greece into different regions / Prevents political unity
Rival City-States Develop

3. II. Minoans Trade in the Mediterranean
Minoan civilization emerged on the island of Crete
Established large trans-Mediterranean trade network
Was able to acquire large amounts of knowledge through cultural diffusion

4. D. Minoan civilization collapsed after a series of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions

5. Located on the Peloponnesus Large cities built on fortified hilltops
III. The Mycenaeans
Located on the Peloponnesus
Large cities built on fortified hilltops
20 ft thick protective walls
Traded with Minoan civilization of Crete
Adopted Minoan writing system – cultural diffusion
                                                

6. B. The Trojan War
War against rival trading cities
The Iliad and Odyssey retells a fictionalized version of the events
Last triumph of the Mycenaean's

7. The Rise of City States
After the fall of Mycenaean civilization Greece entered a dark age
Small farming villages slowly emerge into rival city-states (polis).
The high point of the city (acropolis) was used to build temples to polytheistic gods.

8. Poleis were ruled first by monarchs
Slowly the power shifted to a land owning aristocracy
After a merchant class emerged the government change to an oligarchy

9. Athens & Sparta
Sparta
A warrior society emerged
While men were fighting wars some women became powerful
Athens
Developed into a democratic form of government
Only males could vote

10. The Persian Wars
When the Greeks were threatened by Persia all poleis joined together to defeat the Persians
Athens became the dominant polis after the wars
Pericles ruled as Athens became a direct democracy

11. Greek Philosophy
Following the Persian wars new thinkers emerged
Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle sought new explanations for natural events
New forms of art, architecture, and drama questioned traditional values

12. Alexander the Great & the
Spread of Hellenism

13. Alexander’s father Phillip conquered all of Greece
Alexander became king when his father died
Conquered the entire Persian empire
Never lost a battle in 12 years of fighting
Died at age 32 from the flu
Hellenistic Civilization
Blended Greek, Persian, and Egyptian cultures
Many advances in science, math and philosophy