2. Marc Prensky marc@games2train.com www.marcprensky.com © 2008 Marc Prensky New York City Department of Education Using Technology for Differentiation to Meet the Needs of All Learners October 6, 2008 New York, NY 01

3. © 2008 Marc Prensky My Education Credentials (1) Master of Arts in Teaching (Yale) Taught NYC High School Math (5 yrs) Ran a NYC Street Academy Taught Elementary School French Taught College Music Still Tutor Algebra & Geometry Have interviewed close to 1000 kids

4. © 2008 Marc Prensky My Education Credentials (2) I am a proud product of the NYC school system!! I am a proud product of the NYC school system!! PS 63, 201 JHS 216 (Campbell) Jamaica High School

5. © 2008 Marc Prensky FL, L.A. Virtual Schools Courses Chemistry Game (MeCHeM) Physics Game (Waste of Space) Periodic Table Cell Phone Game (EleMental) Financial Literacy Game (MoneyU) GAMES A LA CARTE – Make your own Algebra I Game (The Algebots, in development) Reading Teacher Game (to come) Education Projects My Company

7. My Latest Book: © 2008 Marc Prensky

8. How Computer and Video Games Are Preparing Your Kids for Twenty-first Century Success – and How You Can Help!

9. Japanese Italian Korean Chinese Greek Portuguese Spanish TRANSLATIONS

10. © 2008 Marc Prensky 1. How do we engage students? 2. How should we teach them? 4. What is the role of the teacher with regard to technology? 3. What is the role of technology?

11. © 2008 Marc Prensky 1. How do we engage today’s students? 1. How do we engage today’s students?

12. Video: A Vision of K-12 Students Today

13. “ENGAGE ME or ENRAGE ME” – Dr. Kip Leland LAUSD LAVA © 2008 Marc Prensky

14. The issue is NOT that educators don’t know about engagement © 2003 Marc Prensky © 2008 Marc Prensky

15. The issue is that Engagement is changing © 2003 Marc Prensky © 2008 Marc Prensky

16. not “little us’s” anymore! © 2008 Marc Prensky

17. Did You Have A Good Summer? © 2008 Marc Prensky

18. Did Your Kids? © 2008 Marc Prensky

19. How many of you have sent an email in the past 24 hours? © 2008 Marc Prensky

20. “Email is for old people” – A student © 2008 Marc Prensky – A headline in The Chronicle of Higher Education

21. © 2008 Marc Prensky You Tube: Young Kids on Cell Phones at Party

22. © 2008 Marc Prensky

23. 5-10,000 hours Video Games 250,000 emails & IMs 10,000 hours on cell phones 20,000 hours TV &You Tube 500,000 commercials < 5,000 hours book reading © 2008 Marc Prensky Why? Digital Technology by age 21, on average:

24. 2 billion ring tones per year 2 billion songs per month 6 billion text messages per day © 2008 Marc Prensky

25. Relatively Slow Pace Step-by-Step One thing at a time Text Primacy Task-Oriented Stand-Alone © 2004 Marc Prensky

26. Relatively Slow Pace Step-by-Step One thing at a time Text Primacy Task-Oriented Stand-Alone © 2004 Marc Prensky

27. © 2008 Marc Prensky Sky (b. 2005)

28. © 2008 Marc Prensky

29. What makes someone a Digital Native? © 2008 Marc Prensky

30. X X √ √ Knowledge? Capabilities? Attitude? Comfort Level? What makes someone a Digital Native?

31. What makes someone a Digital Immigrant? © 2008 Marc Prensky

32. Printing out our e-mails Not instinctively going to the Internet FIRST Not sharing – thinking “Knowledge is Power” Assuming “Real Life” happens only offline Defining “Rigorous Learning” as ONLY – the teacher talking and students listening, – students doing boring worksheets. Thinking the way WE learned to do things is the right (or, worse, the only) way Those who didn’t grow up with technology often have a “Digital Immigrant Accent” © 2007 Marc Prensky

33. © 2008 Marc Prensky “ There’s so much separation between how students think and how teachers think” -- a (female) high school junior

34. One size fits all Doing & Gameplay Digital Natives Digital Natives learn from © 2008 Marc Prensky Digital Immigrants Digital Immigrants teach by One Thing at a Time Linear Stories Presenting & Telling Multi-tasking Lots of Choices Random Access & Exploring Options Delivering contentBeing Engaged Face-to-faceGoing Online Little changeCont’s improvement

35. Some think technology is the answer to getting engagement © 2008 Marc Prensky

36. But you can add all the technology you want © 2008 Marc Prensky

37. And it won’t help much… © 2008 Marc Prensky

38. If it’s not well-integrated with the teaching © 2008 Marc Prensky

39. Today, engagement is NO LONGER Something we can do TO students

40. © 2008 Marc Prensky with Today, we have to In order to engage them in learning

41. Talk with them © 2008 Marc Prensky Engaging With Students

43. © 2008 Marc Prensky We will find that

44. Our students are GLOBAL CITIZENS! © 2008 Marc Prensky

45. “We want to connect” © 2008 Marc Prensky

46. with each other © 2008 Marc Prensky

47. and… © 2008 Marc Prensky

48. With THE WORLD © 2008 Marc Prensky

49. They want to affect the world and improve it… © 2008 Marc Prensky

50. while they’re still in school! © 2008 Marc Prensky

51. And they want TOOLS that make this possible © 2008 Marc Prensky

52. Technology is changing exponentiailly

53. © 2008 Marc Prensky CHANGE TIME Our Students’ Lives © 2008 Marc Prensky

54. [our kids were] “born to the idea of rapid change” -- Nicola Griffith in Slow River (1995) © 2008 Marc Prensky

55. And in most fields…

56. …tools have changed © 2008 Marc Prensky Medicine Law Science Architecture Auto Repair Sailing Flying

57. © 2008 Marc Prensky Tools have changed for our students OUTSIDE of school

58. © 2008 Marc Prensky “After School” (21 st century learning) Future Learning – Stuff they Know they Need PULLED BY KIDS = Exciting Our Kids’ Education is Splitting Quickly Into “School” (Credentials) Legacy Stuff – Stuff that is Irrelevant PUSHED ON KIDS = Boring School “After School”

59. The emerging ONLINE LIFE of the Digital Native © 2008 Marc Prensky

60. The e-Life Communicating IM, chat, texting Sharing Blogs,MySpace,Facebook Buying & Selling ebay, craigslist Exchanging peer-to-peer Learning Wikipedia, You Tube, search Meeting Virtual Worlds Gaming Online, MMORPGs, Cell Phones Searching Info, connections, people Analyzing SETI, drug molecules Reporting Moblogs, photos Programming Open systems, mods search Socializing Learning social behavior, influence Growing Up Exploring, transgressing Coordinating Projects, workgroups, MMORPGs Evaluating Reputation systems– Epinions, Amazon, Slashdot Collecting Mp3s videos, sensor data Creating Sites, avatars, mods Evolving Peripheral, emergent behaviors © 2008 Marc Prensky REFERENCE

61. The e-Life Communicating IM, chat, texting Sharing Blogs,MySpace,Facebook Buying & Selling ebay, craigslist Exchanging peer-to-peer Learning Wikipedia, You Tube, search Meeting Virtual Worlds Gaming Online, MMORPGs, Cell Phones Searching Info, connections, people Analyzing SETI, drug molecules Reporting Moblogs, photos Programming Open systems, mods search Socializing Learning social behavior, influence Growing Up Exploring, transgressing Coordinating Projects, workgroups, MMORPGs Evaluating Reputation systems– Epinions, Amazon, Slashdot Collecting Mp3s videos, sensor data Creating Sites, avatars, mods Evolving Peripheral, emergent behaviors © 2008 Marc Prensky

62. …for them, tool switching is already close to instantaneous Yahoo Search Email iPod TV Hard Drive Google Search IM vPod You Tube Flash Memory

63. “The single largest differentiator … is the social network.” -- Jack Mckenzie, SVP Frank N. Magid Associates © 2008 Marc Prensky

64. “The single largest differentiator … is the social network.” -- Jack Mckenzie, SVP Frank N. Magid Associates © 2008 Marc Prensky

65. Tools are finally starting to change In education!

66. © 2008 Marc Prensky Our students tell us…

67. “We grow up interacting – through computers and through our cell phones – and that’s how we learn. – A graduate student © 2008 Marc Prensky

68. “Why do we have to adapt to the past? Why shouldn’t we be taught to in different ways!” – A College student © 2008 Marc Prensky

69. And beg us…

70. “Give us 21 st century tools!” © 2003 Marc Prensky© 2008 Marc Prensky

71. “Tools that inspire us” © 2003 Marc Prensky© 2008 Marc Prensky

72. 3D PRINTER © 2008 Marc Prensky

73. 3D PRINTER OUTPUT

74. HERE TODAY… Destination Math & Reading by Houghton Mifflin Rosetta Stone Waterford Early Learning by Pearson Gizmos by ExploreLearning Raz-Kids by Learning A-Z Encyclopedia Britannica Earobics by Houghton Mifflin Dimension M by Tabula Digita Atomic Learning Virtual Science Lab by Pearson Orchard & Practice Planet by Siboney

75. And DIFFERENT (and better) TOMORROW… Version 1, 2, 3, …, 25, … XXX More customizable More differentiable More networked More adaptive

76. © 2008 Marc Prensky NEW TOOLS Sped-up video Picture Search IM/texting Blogs Wikis Wikipedia Podcasting Phone polling My Space Handhelds P2P Complex Games Web 2.0 Web 3.0 Augmented Reality Phone cameras Phone videos GPS You Tube Games & Simulations

77. © 2008 Marc Prensky Within the next few years we’ll all be switching to… Ubiquitous free broadband Small individual devices, always on, always connected Software that teaches and adapts

78. In fact, it’s happening so fast it’s often SCARY © 2008 Marc Prensky

79. But… © 2008 Marc Prensky

80. The change that is THREATENING to educators… …is EMPOWERING to their students

81. and Every day they wait to use these tools © 2008 Marc Prensky

82. Is another day we are denying our students their birthright © 2008 Marc Prensky as citizens of the early 21 st century

83. We’d better get started, because… © 2008 Marc Prensky

84. Today, NEW TOOLS COME FAST… Sped-up video Picture Search IM/texting Blogs Wikis Wikipedia Podcasting Phone polling My Space Handhelds P2P Complex Games Web 2.0 Web 3.0 Augmented Reality Phone cameras Phone videos GPS You Tube MoSoSo

85. © 2008 Marc Prensky AND GO FAST… Sped-up video Picture Search IM/texting Blogs Wikis Wikipedia Podcasting Phone polling My Space Handhelds P2P Complex Games Web 2.0 Web 3.0 Augmented Reality Phone cameras Phone videos GPS You Tube MoSoSo 2015 OUTDATED

86. © 2008 Marc Prensky CHANGE YEARS © 2008 Marc Prensky 5 10 15 20 25 30 Technology 1 billion times more powerful Machines more powerful than the human brain Control of machines Directly with our minds Implanted /Wearable Real-time environments Mobile phone wallets

87. You Tube: Sumsing

88. 2. How should we teach today’s students? 2. How should we teach today’s students? © 2008 Marc Prensky

89. HOW should we teach? Consensus on Goal! Still working on: how to get there Still working on: how to get there and the role of technology

90. Teachers are a tool. © 2008 Marc Prensky

91. Teachers are a tool. © 2008 Marc Prensky

92. They need to change too! © 2008 Marc Prensky

93. tutor © 2008 Marc Prensky lecturer?guide “People Tools” in Education

94. The time of the lecturer / presenter is over! © 2008 Marc Prensky

95. If you ask students “What do you want/like?” they answer: Group Work Projects Case Studies Activities Discussing Interacting Being asked about what we think The interactive part Teachers coming down to our level Teachers interacting and using our language The more the teacher gets the class involved in the discussion, the better it is. To be actually thinking about stuff

96. © 2008 Marc Prensky “After School,” the kids have already found a better way to learn

97. “The New Pedagogical Paradigm” “The New Pedagogical Paradigm” © 2008 Marc Prensky

98. Old Paradigm Old Paradigm Students being taught New Paradigm New Paradigm Students teaching themselves (with guidance) BOREDOM ENGAGEMENT

99. “I never try to teach my students anything. I only try to create an atmosphere in which they can learn.” – Albert Einstein © 2007 Marc Prensky

100. © 2008 Marc Prensky I call it PARTNERING with your students

101. © 2008 Marc Prensky Medical Schools call it Case-Based Learning

103. © 2008 Marc Prensky Call it whatever you prefer, Partnering Case-Based Learning Problem-Based Learning Inquiry-Based Learning Student-Centered Learning Co-constructing Inquiry Learning Learning by Doing it’s basically the same!

104. Lecturer/ Controller © 2008 Marc Prensky Guide / Partner 21 st Century Pedagogy = a move from: to

105. Lecturing to and controlling your students © 2008 Marc Prensky Guiding and Partnering with your students Do you know where you and each of your colleagues is along this continuum?

106. © 2008 Marc Prensky In addition PEER - TO - PEER TEACHING is a big part

107. 3. What is the role of technology? © 2008 Marc Prensky

108. Technology’s ONLY role IS TO SUPPORT THE NEW PARADIGM Technology’s ONLY role IS TO SUPPORT THE NEW PARADIGM © 2008 Marc Prensky

109. Differentiated Instruction Differentiated Instruction © 2008 Marc Prensky In doing that, technology helps provide

110. © 2008 Marc Prensky EVERY STUDENT should be given the preparation for reaching his or her maximum potential…

111. …but Potential Varies © 2008 Marc Prensky

112. …and Interests Vary © 2008 Marc Prensky

113. And each student requires A separate curriculum © 2008 Marc Prensky

114. And each student requires A separate pedagogy © 2008 Marc Prensky

115. And NOT To be “herded” into a classroom where it’s the same for all And NOT To be “herded” into a classroom where it’s the same for all

116. Technology DOES NOT and CANNOT SUPPORT the old, undifferentiated “herding and telling” pedagogy Technology DOES NOT and CANNOT SUPPORT the old, undifferentiated “herding and telling” pedagogy

117. © 2008 Marc Prensky 4. What is the role of the teacher with regard to technology? 4. What is the role of the teacher with regard to technology?

118. It is key that we © 2008 Marc Prensky the way we teach …

119. BEFORE technology can help us © 2008 Marc Prensky

120. Until we move from the old “lecture” paradigm to the new “kids teaching themselves with our guidance” paradigm… © 2008 Marc Prensky IMPORTANT!!

121. …new technology will actually HINDER engagement and learning! © 2008 Marc Prensky

122. Seeing No Progress, Some Schools Drop Laptops So the Liverpool Central School District, just outside Syracuse, has decided to phase out laptops starting this fall, joining a handful of other schools around the country that adopted one-to-one computing programs and are now abandoning them as educationally empty — and worse. LIVERPOOL, N.Y. — The students at Liverpool High have used their school-issued laptops to exchange answers on tests, download pornography and hack into local businesses. When the school tightened its network security, a 10th grader not only found a way around it but also posted step-by-step instructions on the Web for others to follow (which they did). … May 4, 2008 © 2008 Marc Prensky DIDN’T CHANGE HOW THEY TAUGHT

123. © 2008 Marc Prensky Old Paradigm Old Paradigm Students being taught New Paradigm New Paradigm Students teaching themselves (with guidance) BOREDOMENGAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY DOESN’T HELP TECHNOLOGY REQUIRED

124. In the old “lecture” paradigm, new technology gets in the way But in the new paradigm technology sets the students (and us) free! © 2008 Marc Prensky

125. Yes, we need to be using the latest tools

126. © 2008 Marc Prensky NEW TOOLS Sped-up video Picture Search IM/texting Blogs Wikis Wikipedia Podcasting Phone polling My Space Handhelds P2P Complex Games Web 2.0 Web 3.0 Augmented Reality Phone cameras Phone videos GPS You Tube Games & Simulations

127. © 2008 Marc Prensky But only in the right way, i.e. in support of the New Paradigm

128. Step 2: Let kids use the technology to take off! © 2008 Marc Prensky Step 1: Change the Paradigm of how we teach

129. Memorized Texts © 2008 Marc Prensky Textbooks, Blackboards, paper ? Electronic tools Non-People tools

130. © 2008 Marc Prensky PARTNERING (i.e. Sharing the Work)

131. © 2008 Marc Prensky Let Students do what they do well Use technology Find content Create To use technology successfully, we must SHARE THE WORK Let Teachers do what they do well Evaluate quality Add rigor Put into context

132. © 2008 Marc Prensky PARTNERING (i.e.Sharing the Work) examples

133. © 2008 Marc Prensky Teacher: Doesn’t take notes, FINDS OUT! Doesn’t tell, ASKS! Student: Suggests topics and tools Researches, and creates output Learns about technology from students Learns about quality & rigor from teachers Evaluates students’ output for rigor & quality; supplies context Refines and improves output, adding rigor, context and quality

134. © 2008 Marc Prensky Traditional Course METHOD EVALUATION OF STUDENT LEARNING Traditional Course Problem-based Learning Problem-Based Learning Low + Highest High(er) What Works Best?

135. © 2008 Marc Prensky How teachers SHOULD use technology tools (IMHO)

136. © 2008 Marc Prensky The “PRENSKY APOSTACY”

137. © 2008 Marc Prensky It’s important that teachers DON’T WASTE THEIR TIME Learning to Create With New Tools,

138. © 2008 Marc Prensky because…

139. © 2008 Marc Prensky The students can do that! (and they want to)

140. © 2008 Marc Prensky Teachers shouldn’t use the technology FOR the students!

141. “Don’t try to keep up with the technology -- you can’t” – A 14 year old girl © 2008 Marc Prensky

142. “You’ll only look stupid.” – A 14 year old girl © 2008 Marc Prensky

143. How our students see us (teachers) When we use technology

144. Solution Phone-based cameras Contains some incorrect information Used as only source Wikipedia © 2008 Marc Prensky IM Problem How Teachers Do Use New Tools BAN Distraction in class Used to get test answers Used inappropriately BAN

145. “I didn’t discover this through any proprietary medical search engines. I used Google and Wikipedia, and it took about two minutes.” – Dr Jerry Avorn, Harvard Medical School Professor,, On finding a cure for his jellyfish stings © 2008 Marc Prensky Wikipedia and the Harvard Medical School Professor

146. Search vs. Research Fair Use vs. Plagiarism EvaluateTeach Design a Wikipedia Entry for… Wikipedia © 2008 Marc Prensky Assign Communication Journalism Use of MM Creativity How Teachers Should Use New Tools

147. Search vs. Research Fair Use vs. Plagiarism EvaluateTeach Phone-based cameras Pictures vs. Words Appropriate vs. In- appropriate Truth vs. Manipulation Design a Wikipedia Entry for… Take and Photoshop To best Illustrate… Wikipedia © 2008 Marc Prensky IM Informal vs. Formal Language Design a Class using only IM Assign Communication Journalism Use of MM Creativity Usefulness Breadth Depth Originality Communication Originality Artistry Technique How Teachers Should Use New Tools

148. Lecturer/ Controller © 2008 Marc Prensky Guide / Partner The 21 st Century Teaching Continuum 0 1 2 3 4 5

149. Lecturer/ Controller © 2008 Marc Prensky Guide / Partner Where Are You? 0 1 2 3 4 5 If you are a teacher:

150. Lecturer/ Controller © 2008 Marc Prensky Guide / Partner 0 1 2 3 4 5 Where Are Your Teachers? If you are an administrator:

151. In 30 years… © 2008 Marc Prensky

152. …if technology continues to double in power every year… © 2008 Marc Prensky

153. Our technology will be 1 BILLION TIMES more powerful than today © 2008 Marc Prensky

154. …and today we are already working at the ATOMIC level © 2008 Marc Prensky

156. Banking Phoning Travelling Reading Buying/Selling Obtaining Info © 2008 Marc Prensky You have probably changed the way you do

157. Are we educating our Students for The Day They Leave Us… © 2008 Marc Prensky

158. Or for the rest of their lives? © 2008 Marc Prensky

159. The world our students inhabit is already hugely different from our own

160. © 2006 Marc Prensky

161. © 2008 Marc Prensky Knowing long division? In 30 years, will today’s kids be better off Or knowing how to solve problems?

162. © 2008 Marc Prensky Knowing how to write? In 30 years, will today’s kids be better off Or knowing how to write code?

163. © 2008 Marc Prensky All this change means the nature of education is changing!

164. © 2008 Marc Prensky Same problems Pre - 21 st Century New problems 21 st Century+

165. © 2008 Marc Prensky Solving problems with the tools we have Pre - 21 st Century Inventing new tools to solve problems 21 st Century+

166. © 2008 Marc Prensky Future known Pre - 21 st Century Future uncertain 21 st Century+

167. © 2008 Marc Prensky Font of knowledge is The teacher / text /library Pre - 21 st Century Font of knowledge Is the Internet 21 st Century+

168. © 2008 Marc Prensky All this change means your role in education is changing!

169. © 2008 Marc Prensky Helping students solve problems? How many of you see your job as Helping students find future problems?

170. © 2008 Marc Prensky How many of you see your job as Helping your students use the tools In your field? Helping your students invent new tools for your field?

171. © 2008 Marc Prensky How many of you see your job as Preparing your students for their exams? Preparing your students for their unknown future?

172. © 2008 Marc Prensky How many of you see your job as Preparing your students for a world where most Information is written? Preparing your students for a world where most Information is in forms OTHER than written?

173. We also need to start evaluating students with their tools! © 2008 Marc Prensky

174. “Open Phone” Tests!! © 2008 Marc Prensky

175. “Most of our tests ARE open phone tests – you guys just don’t know it!” – A Student © 2008 Marc Prensky

176. We Are All Learners We Are All Teachers We Are All Learners We Are All Teachers

177. In the 21 st Century we must become PARTNERS © 2008 Marc Prensky

178. If we are going to get the job done! © 2008 Marc Prensky

179. © 2003 Marc Prensky 21 st CENTURY EDUCATOR © 2008 Marc Prensky Should be the older person outside, with the kids Inside taking off

180. © 2008 Marc Prensky If YOU can’t BE a Digital Native, Can you work together? Key Question

181. © 2008 Marc Prensky Absolutely!

182. © 2008 Marc Prensky But, it requires…

183. © 2008 Marc Prensky

184. We HUGELY UNDER-ESTIMATE what our students can (and should) do with their tools! © 2008 Marc Prensky

185. http://mabryonline.org/archives/mtv © 2008 Marc Prensky

186. We need to set the bar very high!

187. WHY do we underestimate? © 2008 Marc Prensky

188. Because we actually DISRESPECT the kids! © 2008 Marc Prensky

189. “Today’s kids can’t concentrate.” © 2008 Marc Prensky

190. “My students have the attention span of a gnat.” © 2008 Marc Prensky

191. “Your games are a waste of your time money and brain cells.” – A parent © 2008 Marc Prensky

192. These things are just NOT TRUE!

193. © 2008 Marc Prensky Thinking and talking disrespectfully really hurts our students…

194. © 2008 Marc Prensky …who want and deserve our respect.

195. © 2008 Marc Prensky As a result of our disrespect, what happens?

196. © 2008 Marc Prensky Our students DISRESPECT their educators

197. © 2008 Marc Prensky Since they know technology is the new literacy

198. © 2008 Marc Prensky They see most of their teachers as ILLITERATE

199. © 2008 Marc Prensky..and they don’t bother listening!

200. © 2005 Marc Prensky

201. © 2008 Marc Prensky Our goal needs to be

202. © 2008 Marc Prensky How Do We Get RESPECT For each other?

203. © 2008 Marc Prensky We Are All Learners We Are All Teachers We Are All Learners We Are All Teachers 1.We must accept that

204. © 2008 Marc Prensky For 21 st century students…

205. DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY © 2008 Marc Prensky

206. Is their BIRTHRIGHT! © 2008 Marc Prensky

207. © 2006 Marc Prensky

208. COMPLEX GAMES © 2007 Marc Prensky The ENGAGING educational system

209. © 2008 Marc Prensky And even the dreaded…

210. As an early example of WORLD COLLABORATION!

211. “Most of us prefer to walk backward into the future… © 2008 Marc Prensky

212. …a posture which may be uncomfortable… © 2008 Marc Prensky

213. …but which at least allows us to keep on looking at familiar things as long as we can.” -- Charles Handy © 2008 Marc Prensky

214. © 2003 Marc Prensky 21 st CENTURY EDUCATOR © 2008 Marc Prensky

215. They’re our kids © 2008 Marc Prensky

216. We owe them the best! © 2008 Marc Prensky

217. So What Should I Do? © 2008 Marc Prensky Give them 21 st CENTURY TOOLS!

218. And what about RIGOR, QUALITY, REFLECTION and “THE CANON” ? © 2008 Marc Prensky

219. Of course! But in new ways, using the tools © 2008 Marc Prensky

220. The Five Stages of Teachers and Technology © 2008 Marc Prensky

221. 1. Hiding

222. © 2008 Marc Prensky 2. Panic

223. © 2008 Marc Prensky 3. Acceptance

224. © 2008 Marc Prensky 4. Comfort

225. 5. Power © 2008 Marc Prensky

226. Thank You – For supporting the kids! © 2008 Marc Prensky

227. Get the slides! email: marc@games2train.com Get the slides! email: marc@games2train.com web sites: www.marcprensky.com www.games2train.com