1. Society and Culture in the industrial age
Chapter 23 Section 4
Society and Culture in the industrial age

2. Emigration
During the 1800’s improvements in Medicine, sanitation, and food distribution helped lead to an increase in population
Due to jobs, growth was fastest in the more industrialized regions in the US and Europe
People began to move from their native land across international boundaries and oceans into foreign lands which is Emigration
Between 1870 and 1900 more than 10 million people left Europe for the US alone, one of the greatest mass movements of people
People were fleeing countries with poor economic conditions like Ireland and Italy
Thanks to steamships and trains travel was faster and more affordable

3. Random Picture

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Others, like the Jews, Armenians, and Slavs fled oppression and discrimination
Within Europe people moved to the areas of greatest industrialization
This was a result of increased demand for factory labor
As the population increased, there were changes in agriculture and industry
Before the industrial revolution most people lived in rural areas or small villages
By the early 1900’s more people lived in or near cities than in the country side

5. Sanitation and Public order
In the 1800’s houses did not have running water; most cities did not have sewers
People dumped garbage and sewage into the streets, combined with smoke from the factories this made the cities foul smelling and unhealthy
After the 1870’s technological advancements such as iron pipes and flush toilets, and running water were helped life inside the city
Public sewers were installed along with paved streets and street lights were all improvements
Governments passed laws requiring better heating systems and better construction of buildings

6. Industrialized London

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Cities also needed new law enforcement to direct crowds and to protect the lives and property of city dwellers
In 1829 Sir Robert Peel of London organized a Permanent police force
The police were called Bobbies after Peel’s first name
Other major cities soon followed London's lead

8. Development of Suburbs
As cities grew, people moved to residential areas outside of the cities called suburbs
In the US suburbs were connected to the city by a streetcar or ferry
Suburbs later were developed around railroad lines and horse drawn bus lines
Suburbs main appeal is that they were less crowded and less noisy than living in the cities
The people who could afford it lived in the suburbs and worked in the cities traveling between the two
More cities created public transportation systems, but at first only professionals could afford them and the factory workers had to live within walking distance of work

10. Diet and Food Storage
Science and technology provided better methods of preserving and transporting foods
Pasteurization killed off bacteria and refrigeration helped to prevent the growth of harmful bacteria
They used refrigerated rail cars to transport meat, fruit, and vegetables
Scientists also discovered the importance of vitamins and minerals in the diet
As a result Life expectancy as well as population increased

11. Growth of Education
Industrialists wanted workers who could read and write they needed engineers, scientists, and skilled technicians
Others believed that state-sponsored schools produced patriotic citizens
Along with intelligent workers the military leaders wanted more educated soldiers
Ordinary people also wanted an education thinking it would improve their children's chances at a better life
After 1870 governments in the US and Europe passed laws requiring an education for all children
In the US individual states levied taxes to support the schools
Middle class children went to high school and often Universities

12. Education for Women
By the end of the 1800’s many schools offered a elementary education for girls but not much of a secondary education
It was argued that the subjects in high school were not necessary or proper for women
What secondary education there was focused on languages, literature, and home economics, not science, math, or philosophy
Few Collages admitted women in the 1800’s so collages for women only started to appear
This spread of education had many positive effects
People became more involved in government and because more people could read more books and newspapers were published

14. Effects of education
People started to read the newspaper more making newspapers more important in peoples lives
During the 1800’s they began to cover topics like politics, foreign affairs, art and science
Papers also began to criticize or support politicians or the government and political cartoons started to appear
New communication technology appeared like the telegraph, allowing newspapers to print the latest news
As newspapers grew so did the demand for editors and writers

15. Sports People had been involved in athletic events since ancient times
In the 1800’s they became more organized
Football in Great Britain (soccer) was amoung one of the first professional spectator sports
Both Rugby and American football were derived from soccer
By the mid 1800’s soccer players were full time athletes
In the 1890’s bicycling began to gain in popularity and hundreds of manufacturers popped up
Baseball also became popular in the late 1800’s, it was popular with soldiers in the civil war and in1860’s the Cincinnati red stockings were formed

17. The Arts
Before, musicians had performed concerts in the homes of the rich, artists and sculptors produced their work for the wealthy
In the industrial age art and music became available to more people
As demand increased so did the demand for concert halls and museums
Vaudeville became a popular form of entertainment combining music, dialogue, dancing and singing
Art collections started to move from private homes to museums
Public libraries also began to appear in cities like London and Paris

18. Parks and Urban Planning
Crowded cities had few places for outdoor recreation
Trains were often used to take families out to the country for the day
People began to demand public city parks for recreation
By the end of the 1800’s many cities had playgrounds for children
Large areas, like Central Park, were being set aside as public parks