1. Metr 415/715 Monday May 13 2013

2. Today’s Agenda 1.Basics of LIDAR - Ground based LIDAR (pointing up) - Air borne LIDAR (pointing down) - Space borne LIDAR (pointing down) ---- Break ---- 2. Ground-based GPS measurements of precipitable water

3. Aerosols and Climate

4. Saharan Dust Storms

5. Detecting dust storms The Sahara contributes about half of all of the dust carried into Earth's atmosphere every year. The dust in the atmosphere looks very much like the surface below it. Only in the past few years have new instruments and new techniques been developed that help scientists "see" which is dust and which is desert.

6. NASA’s Earth Observatory Pictures http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHaza rds/view.php?id=81092 http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHaza rds/view.php?id=81092 Article on aerosols http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/Ae rosols/page5.php http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/Ae rosols/page5.php

7. LIDAR Links General LIDAR Information http://www.lidar-uk.com/lidar-links/ Airborne LIDAR uses by USGS – Coastal Processes http://lidar.cr.usgs.gov

8. Ground-based High Spectral Resolution LIDAR

9. Space Borne LIDAR The CALIPSO Mission – Part of the A-train of Satellites The A- Train currently consists of five active satellites: GCOM-W1 (SHIZUKU), lead spacecraft in formation, launched by JAXA on May 18, 2012 GCOM-W1 (SHIZUKU), lead spacecraft in formation, launched by JAXA on May 18, 2012 Aqua, runs 4 minutes behind GCOM-W1, launched by NASA on May 4, 2002 Aqua, runs 4 minutes behind GCOM-W1, launched by NASA on May 4, 2002 CloudSat, a cooperative effort between NASA and the Canadian Space Agency, runs 2 minutes and 30 seconds behind Aqua, launched with CALIPSO on April 28, 2006 CloudSat, a cooperative effort between NASA and the Canadian Space Agency, runs 2 minutes and 30 seconds behind Aqua, launched with CALIPSO on April 28, 2006 CALIPSO, a joint effort of CNES and NASA, follows CloudSat by no more than 15 seconds, launched on April 28, 2006 CALIPSO, a joint effort of CNES and NASA, follows CloudSat by no more than 15 seconds, launched on April 28, 2006 Aura, a multi-national satellite, lags Aqua by 15 minutes, crossing the equator 8 minutes behind due to different orbital track to allow for synergy with Aqua, launched by NASA on July 15, 2004 Aura, a multi-national satellite, lags Aqua by 15 minutes, crossing the equator 8 minutes behind due to different orbital track to allow for synergy with Aqua, launched by NASA on July 15, 2004

10. CALIPSO Mission Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) mission, developed and managed by NASA's Langley Research Center in Hampton, VA CALIPSO is an Earth observing satellite that provides new insight into the role that clouds and atmospheric aerosols play in air quality Aqua was the first member launched of a group of satellites termed the Afternoon Constellation, or A-Train, a group of satellites that travel in line, one behind the other, along the same track, as they orbit Earth.

11. Article written before CALIPSO was launched Current uncertainties in the effects of aerosols and clouds on the Earth radiation budget limit our understanding of the climate system and the potential for global climate change. The CALIPSO satellite will use an active lidar together with passive instruments to provide vertical profiles of aerosols and clouds and their properties which will help address these uncertainties. CALIPSO will fly in formation with the EOS Aqua and CloudSat satellites and the other satellites of the Aqua constellation. The acquisition of simultaneous and coincident observations will allow numerous synergies to be realized by combining CALIPSO observations with complementary observations from other platforms. In particu-lar, cloud observations from the CALIPSO lidar and the CloudSat radar will be complementary, together encompassing the variety of clouds found in the atmosphere, from thin cirrus to deep convective clouds. CALIPSO is being developed within the framework of a collaboration between NASA and CNES and is scheduled for launch in 2004.

12. LIDAR Instrument in CALIPSO The CALIPSO satellite's instruments include a lidar, which shoots a laser into the atmosphere, then catches light that bounces off particles in the air to learn more about aerosols. CALIPSO is a collaboration between NASA and France's Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales

13. Aerosols captured by CALIPSO

14. Recent LIDAR Browse Images Available dates http://www- calipso.larc.nasa.gov/products/lidar/browse_i mages/show_calendar.php http://www- calipso.larc.nasa.gov/products/lidar/browse_i mages/show_calendar.php GOES East Archive pictures http://www.goes.noaa.gov/srcheast.html

15. IR picture 4-30-13 0015Z

16. The following are full-disk satellite images Can we use the CALIPSO browse images to estimate the height of the clouds in these IR pictures?

17. Today’s Geostationary Satellite Pictures Indian Ocean 5/13/13 1230Z

18. Today’s Geostationary Satellite Pictures MTSAT Ocean 5/13/13 1232Z

19. Today’s Geostationary Satellite Pictures GOES West 5/13/13 1200Z

20. Today’s Geostationary Satellite Pictures GOES East 5/13/13 1145 Z

21. Today’s Geostationary Satellite Pictures Meteosat 5/13/13 1200 Z

22. Ground-based GPS measurements of precipitable water Basic physical principle: Integrated amount of water vapor in the atmospheric column affects the time travel of GPS signals to ground stations at fixed well-known stations

23. US and Global real-time ground-based precipitable water GPS network http://www.suominet.ucar.edu