1. Graphics

2. Objectives
Explain why graphic images are vital to multimedia applications
List the different ways graphics can be used in multimedia applications
Describe the different technologies that can be used to capture digital images
List several sources of still images
List the four items that should be logged in reference to graphic images
Discuss the responsibilities of a graphics designer
Define common terms used in computer graphics
Describe some of the common tools found on a tool palette

3. Objectives
Explain the difference between paint programs and draw programs
Explain the difference between bitmapped graphics and vector-based graphics
Describe several features of common graphics programs
Explain jaggies and how they occur
Explain the process of creating 3D graphics
Discuss the different types of images that can be used in a multimedia application
Discuss the two different types of resolution related to graphic images
Explain several disadvantages of high resolution graphics
Discuss copyright law as it applies to graphic images

4. Introduction backgrounds buttons icons navigation bars charts/graphs
Photographs 3D

5. Digitized Images
converting images into a format the computer can understand
series of 0’s and 1’s

6. Methods of Creating Graphics
Draw Programs
Paint Programs
Scanners
Video Capture Cards
Snappy
Photo CD

7. Types of Images Line Art - black and white/flat colors
Grayscale levels of gray
Color - 4-bit to 36-bit (RGB)
2D or 3D - (3D Web = VRML or Live3D)
Hypergraphics - (image map)

8. Image Quality bit or color resolution
number of colors in each pixel
also called bit or pixel depth
most common ranges are 8-, 16-, and 24-bit
images with greater bit resolutions will be more colorful and of higher quality
image resolution (measured in ppi)
amount of information stored for each image

9. Image Compression
compression - an algorithm used to create smaller file sizes
lossy - expendable data is actually lost
lossless - none of the data is actually lost; mathematical algorithms eliminate redundant data.

10. Graphics Software Paint Programs and Bitmapped Graphics Features
stored as pixels
pixels record the screen location and color value on a bitmap
jaggies/staircasing
Features
Geometric Figures
Edit
Add Color and Patterns
Cut and Paste
Rotate and Stretch

11. Graphics Software Draw Programs and Vector Graphics Features
vector-based images - created and recreated from mathematical models
Features
Fully Editable Shapes
Bézier Curves
Gradient Fill
Blending
Grouping Objects
Rasterize

12. Graphics Software 3D Modeling Programs Features
3D objects - created using geometric forms or wire frame models
surfaces/textures are mapped to the models
rendering - converting 3D images to 2D
Features
Modeling
Arranging and Deforming Objects
Shading
Setting Lights and Cameras
Rendering

13. 3-D Drawing 3-D software usually offers: Directional lighting Motion
Different perspectives

14. 3-D Drawing
3-D objects combine various shapes

15. 3-D Drawing
Shapes can be extruded…

16. 3-D Drawing
…or lathed

17. A scene can use different types of shading
3-D Drawing
Gourand shading
Flat shading
Ray tracing
Phong shading
A scene can use different types of shading

18. Graphics Software Image Editing Programs Features
manipulate existing images
Features
Cropping
Brightness, Contrast, and Color Correction
Filters
Layering
File Format Conversion
Image Enhancement Plug-Ins

19. File Formats TIFF (Tagged Image File Format)
EPS (Encapsulated PostScript)
BMP (short for Bitmap)
DIB (Device-Independent Bitmap)
GIF (Graphics Interchange Format)
PCX
PICT/PICT2 (short for Picture)
JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)

20. File Formats TARGA Photoshop Native MacPaint PIC PCD (Photo CD)
Plot File
AutoCAD
Windows Metafile (WMF)
Word Perfect Graphics (WPG)

21. Sources of Still Images
Commercial Image Providers/Stock Photography Houses
Clip Art
Photographs
Digital Video
Charts
Maps

22. Copyright assume an image is copyright protected
1976 Federal Copyright Act
property of the creator to 50 years beyond his or her life.
if the creator is a corporation or business, up to 75 years after publication or 100 years following creation, whichever is shorter.

23. Copyright
Public domain images can be manipulated and used without permission from the artist and without having to pay the artist any royalties for using them
Fair use policy - instruction/education exclusions

24. Copyright Summary
The only time you can alter or manipulate images is if:
you receive permission from the original artist
you create the image yourself
the image is clearly public domain
the image is being used strictly for instructional purposes in an educational setting

25. Example