1. CSE Department, University of Nevada - Reno 1 User’s View of Switched Network S S The network is generally operated by a service provider company like Sprint or AT&T  Network applications sit at the end points.

2. CSE Department, University of Nevada - Reno 2 Common View of the Telco Network Brick

3. CSE Department, University of Nevada - Reno 3 Common View of the IP Network

4. CSE Department, University of Nevada - Reno 4 1. Two or more computers/nodes/hosts 2. Links/Media that connect the nodes What is a Network? Guided media Cable Fiber Optics Unguided media: (wireless) Microwave frequencies (land, satellite) Radio Frequencies (RF) Infra Red Frequencies (IR) C1 C2

5. CSE Department, University of Nevada - Reno 5 What’s a layer? A bunch of rules, implemented by a program A Protocol A protocol can be thought of as a black box / function with two interfaces: Service interface Peer-to-peer interface Host 1 Protocol Host 2 Protocol High-level object High-level object Peer-to-peer interface Send(Protocol, Message)Deliver(Object, Message) Service interface

6. CSE Department, University of Nevada - Reno 6 OSI Reference Model User applications Network applications Presentation Network Session Transport Physical Data Link File transfer, electronic mail, document exchange, etc. (note: application layer is concerned with messages)

7. CSE Department, University of Nevada - Reno 7 OSI Reference Model User applications Network applications Presentation Network Session Transport Physical Data Link These next two are not well defined and most networks do not actually implement these as separate layers.

8. CSE Department, University of Nevada - Reno 8 OSI Reference Model User applications Network applications Presentation Network Session Transport Physical Data Link End-to-End error detection and correction (reliability),flow control, and connectivity. Packetization (splitting messages into packets/segments; reassembling packets at the receiving end)

9. CSE Department, University of Nevada - Reno 9 OSI Reference Model User applications Network applications Presentation Network Session Transport Physical Data Link Routing: The process of choosing an optimal path through the network.

10. CSE Department, University of Nevada - Reno 10 OSI Reference Model User applications Network applications Presentation Network Session Transport Physical Data Link Framing, error detection and correction (reliability),media access control, flow control

11. CSE Department, University of Nevada - Reno 11 OSI Reference Model User applications Network applications Presentation Network Session Transport Physical Data Link Coding and transmission of a bit stream (i.e. a bit pipe )

12. CSE Department, University of Nevada - Reno 12 Layers at Intermediate Nodes Application Presentation Session Transport End host One or more nodes within the network Network Data link Physical Network Data link Physical Network Data link Physical Application Presentation Session Transport End host Network Data link Physical

13. CSE Department, University of Nevada - Reno 13 Networking Research Goal: Improve the performance (e.g. faster) of information exchange among separate entities. Social networks, the Internet, private and community networks Methods: include all sane techniques! Simulations (lots of coding) Visualization (graph theory) Experimentation (lots of fun!!) Analysis & Modeling (lots of equations & math) Measurement (lots of hacking)

14. CSE Department, University of Nevada - Reno 14 Networking Research @ UNR Wireless FSO-MANETs: Free-Space-Optical Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks ILLUMINICATION: ILLUMInation + commuNICATION Peer-to-peer wireless sharing Wireline Topology measurement BigData Transfers Secure communications Network economics: neutrality, pricing

15. 15 FSO Prototype: Transceiver  Picture of transceivers.  3-D optical antenna design.

16. 16 3-Transceiver Prototype  Circular 3 Transceiver Design  Line Transceiver  PIC 12f615 Modulator  Transceive r Header  Programmin g Interface  Microcontroll er The design consists of 3 FSO transceivers connected to a circuit board with a microcontroller.

17. 17 FSO Prototype: Mobility Experiment  Node-A  Node-B AA BB  ~19Kb/s  frame size 50B  alignment timer 500ms

18. 18 3-D FSO Localization Orientation-only localization with two localized neighbors: A third node can triangulate using the advertised normals received from two other GPS-enabled nodes.

19. CSE Department, University of Nevada - Reno 19 Illuminication Illuminate and communicate http://enpundit.com/nanolight-the-worlds-most-energy-efficient- and-stylish-lightbulb http://www.ted.com/talks/harald_haas_wireless_data_from_eve ry_light_bulb.html

20. CSE Department, University of Nevada - Reno 20 Future Prospects CSE Upper level courses CPE 401/601 Computer Networked Systems CPE 701 Internet Protocol Design CPE 400/600 Computer Communication Networks Careers Candidate titles: Network engineer Software engineer (in networking companies) Research engineer Major companies Cisco, AT&T, Sprint, Juniper, Nortel, Qwest, … Intel, IBM, Microsoft, Sun Application Transport Physical Network Data-Link

21. CSE Department, University of Nevada - Reno 21 Contact Computer Networking Lab (CNL) LMR 282/283 http://cnl.cse.unr.edu Murat Yuksel SEM 237 yuksem@cse.unr.edu Mehmet H. Gunes SEM 230 gunes@cse.unr.edu