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Unit 7 CP United States History Civil Rights Part 1 1950’s, 1960’s, Civil Rights Truman, Eisenhower, JFK, LBJ, Nixon
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Civil Rights Segregation, Jim Crow Laws Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896) NAACP Thurgood Marshall Brown vs. Board of Topeka (1954) Resistance – KKK – White Citizens Council
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Civil Rights Emmett Till (1955) – From Chicago – Mississippi – “bye baby” – Not guilty
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Civil Rights Rosa Parks – Montgomery, Alabama – Bus Boycott (1955-1956) Bus Boycott – SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference) – MLK Jr. – Supreme Court desegregated busses
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Civil Rights SCLC & MLK Jr. – Sit ins – Marches – Demonstrations – Non-violence – Civil disobedience – Boycotts – Cripple them economically
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Civil Rights Little Rock, Arkansas (1957) – Central High School – Governor Orval Faubus – National Guard – Eisenhower – Put National Guard under federal government
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Civil Rights 1957 Civil Rights Act: gave the Attorney General greater power over desegregation federal government authority over violations Use the courts to enforce 15 th amendment
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Civil Rights SNCC (1960) – Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee – Immediate change – Sit ins
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Civil Rights Greensboro, NC – Woolworth’s sit ins at lunch counters Woolworth’s sit ins at lunch counters
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Civil Rights Freedom Rides (1961) – SNCC & CORE – Prohibited segregation in interstate transportation – Washington DC to Jackson, MS – Fire bombed & beaten – Robert Kennedy (Attorney General) – Federal marshalls sent – ICC prohibited segregation, sue
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Civil Rights SNCC vs. SCLC MLK believed SNCC to confrontational SCLC & SNCC joined in Albany, Ga. (1961) – Demonstrations & boycotts – failed
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Civil Rights Birmingham, Alabama (1963) “Bombingham” 16 th St. Church Marches Children’s March MLK arrested “Letter from a Birmingham Jail” Fire hoses Police dogs On television, media attention
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Civil Rights JFK Acts because of Birmingham Proposed the 1963 Civil Rights Act Enforce 14 th and 15 th amendments Televised speech Plans for a “March on Washington”
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Civil Rights Medgar Evers – Field Secretary of NAACP in Mississippi – Shot in his drive way – “Ghosts of Mississippi”
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Civil Rights August 28, 1963 March on Washington Over 250,000 A. Philip Randolph MLK “I Have a Dream”“I Have a Dream”
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JFK November 22, 1963 JFK assassinated
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Civil Rights Johnson gets Congress to pass 1964 Civil Rights Act 1964 Civil Rights Act – Prohibited discrimination in employment and public accomidations (no more Jim Crow) – EEOC – DOJ to enforce laws – US government will protect black voting rights
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Civil Rights Freedom Summer (1964) – Bob Moses – SNCC – Voter registration – Mississippi – White college students recruited – Schwerner, Cheney, and Goodman – FBI and US military sent in – Shot and beaten – Guility but not of murder
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Civil Rights Selma, Alabama (1965) – Voting rights – 1 st attempt March 7 th Bloody Sunday No MLK
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Civil Rights Selma, Alabama – 2 nd attempt – March 21, 1965 – 50 miles from Selma to Montgomery 50 miles from Selma to Montgomery – MLK – 25,000 walked 5 days – FBI and National Guard
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Unit 7 CP United States History Civil Rights Part 2 1965 – Johnson proposes Voting Rights Act of 1965 – Eliminated literacy tests – US govt. registers to vote (power away from states) – Twenty-Fourth Amendment – Outlawed the Poll Tax
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Civil Rights The North (Chicago) De facto segregation Where you live Northern cities Jobs Homes Poverty Change too slow SCLC doesn’t work
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Civil Rights Nation of Islam – Elijah Muhammad – Islamic heritage – A black nation within the United States
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Civil Rights Malcolm X – Black Nationalism – Separate themselves from white America – Broke away from Nation of Islam – “any means necessary” – Began to work with MLK – Assassinated February 21, 1965
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Civil Rights Black Panthers – Black Nationalism & violent action – White flight – Inner cities growing – End de facto segregation – Ensure that black rights weren’t violated by racist cops – Build strong black communities – Fighting poverty – Food programs
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Civil Rights Poverty – Riots – Violence – Summers of 1965 and 1967 – Detroit, Watts, Hough
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Civil Rights Education – Key to fight poverty – Forced busing – Boston
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Where Are We Now? 50 year anniversary De jure segregation gone De facto segregation still here 33.9% of children in poverty are black 24.2% of African Americans live in poverty
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