2. Ch. 10 Western Europe: Early History Section 2: Ancient Greece

3. Dateline London England, May 6, 1994 Rough waters have always made the English Channel, which separates England and France, difficult to cross. How, however, you can make the trip under the water! Today a tunnel nicknamed “the Chunnel” opens, allowing high speed trains to travel between London and Paris in about three hours. The Chunnel-short for Channel Tunnel-was carved through chalky earth under the sea floor and took seven years to build. It is the largest European construction project of the 20 th century.

4. Warm-Up Dateline  What are some advantages of the Chunnel?  How might improvements in transportation affect economic development?

5. The Land and Early History of Greece: The Greek peninsula is mountainous, but settlers____________ the soil to grow __________ and _________. The greatest natural resource is the water that surrounds Greece. Ancient Greeks depended on these seas for ____________ and ___________. cultivated olives grapes fishingtrade

6. Distinctive features of Europe’s Geography: Waterways:  Water surrounds the continent to the __________, _________, and ________.  Europe has many rivers. Two of the most important rivers are______________ and _______________. northsouthwest Rhine Danube

7. Distinctive features of Europe’s Geography: Landforms  Several large_______________, or bodies of land surrounded by water on three sides, form the European continent.  A ___________ is a long, narrow, deep inlet of the sea located between steep cliffs.  ________________, including the towering Alps, also stretch across much of the continent. The many mountain rages separate groups of people. peninsulas fjord Mountain ranges

8. Distinctive features of Europe’s Geography: The Great European Plain  Not all of Europe is mountainous. A vast region called ___________________________ stretches from the coast of France to the Ural Mountains.  A ________ is a large, _________ area of land, usually without many trees.  The Great European Plain is the location of some of the world’s richest farmland. The Great European Plain plainflat

9. Comprehension Check What are the distinctive features of Europe’s geography? 1.__________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.______________ 5.___________ ocean rivers peninsula mountain ranges central plains

10. Comprehension Check What geographical feature of Europe influenced the development of different cultures? Why? Mountain ranges They separate groups of people from on another.

11. Comprehension Check What is an important feature of the Great European Plain? Rich Farmland

12. Dateline Athens, Greece, February 2, 1997-  Five years after construction workers began building the new Athens subway, artifacts from ancient Greek civilization are still being discovered. When completed, the new subway will reduce traffic and air pollution in the capital. Historians and archeologists, however, have been the first to benefit from this massive public works project, Workers have discovered statues, coins, jewelry, and gravesites from ancient Greece. Recently, workers digging the foundation for a downtown Athens station found an ancient dog collar decorated with gemstones. Local officials have promised to create permanent displays of some artifacts in stations throughout the new subway system.

13. Warm-Up Dateline  What artifacts might be discovered underground in you region?  Why do you think these artifacts would be different from those found in Athens?

14. The Land & Early History of Greece: The Greek peninsula is mountainous, which made the travel by land difficult for early settlers. Most land had poor soil and few trees, but settlers____________ the soil to grow __________ and ___________. The greatest natural resource is water. The ancient Greeks depended on the sea for trade and fishing. cultivated olivesgrapes

15. Formation of City-States As the ancient Greek population grew people created ___________. A city-state ___________________, called a ________, and surrounding villages. They were united by common__________, ______________, and ______________. City-states Included a central city polis language religious beliefsSimilar way of life

16. Individual Forms of Government An________________ is a system in which a few powerful, wealthy individuals rule. DID YOU KNOW? The world oligarchy comes from an ancient Greek word meaning “rule by the few”. Oligarchy

17. Individual Forms of Government Other city-states were ruled by a tyrant, __________________________________ Other ancient Greek city- states developed an early form of democracy. DID YOU KNOW? The word Democracy comes from an ancient Greek word meaning “rule by the people”. In a democracy citizens, take part in the government. a single person who took control of the community.

18. Athens & Sparta They took part in political __________ and __________ on laws, not everyone had these rights. ____________ was an oligarchy. It was ruled by two kings, Sparta & Athens had powerful armies. debates voted Sparta

19. Literature Ancient Greeks created ________ and wrote ________ and __________. Some of the greatest Greek plays were written during the 5 th century B.C. wrote tragedies. myths poemsplays

20. Philosophy __________ was an important philosopher of the 5 th century. _____________ studies & thinks about why the world is the way it is. Another great philosopher was Plato. Socrates A philosopher

21. The Spread of Greek Culture In 338 B.C., __________________ of Macedonia conquered the land. When he died his son _______________ took control. As his empire expanded Greek culture, language, and ideas were spread throughout the ______________________ King Philip II Alexander Mediterranean region

22. The Spread of Greek Culture When Alexander died his generals fought for control of his territory. This marked the end of one of the great empires of the ancient world.

23. The End !

24. Credit: pictures http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ancientgreec e/resource/pictures1.shtml http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ancientgreec e/resource/pictures1.shtml http://www.qnx.com/company/customer_st ories/ss_206_2.html http://www.qnx.com/company/customer_st ories/ss_206_2.html http://www.castles.org/castles/Europe/Cen tral_Europe/Germany/germany1.htm http://www.castles.org/castles/Europe/Cen tral_Europe/Germany/germany1.htm http://school.discovery.com/clipart/clip/cae sar-color.html http://school.discovery.com/clipart/clip/cae sar-color.html