1. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20051 Sociology: A Down-to-Earth Approach 7/e James M. Henslin Chapter One: The Sociological Perspective James M. Henslin Chapter One: The Sociological Perspective This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program.

2. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20052  How Groups Influence People  How People are Influenced by Their Society  People Who Share a Culture  People Who Share a Territory Seeing the Broader Social Context

3. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20053  Jobs  Income  Education  Gender  Age  Race Social Location—Corners in Life

4. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20054  History—Location in Broad Stream of Events  Biography—Individual’s Specific Experiences C. Wright Mills—Connection Between History and Biography

5. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20055  The Global Village  Instant Communication  Sociology Studies both the Global Network and Our Unique Experiences The Growing Global Context

6. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20056  The Natural Sciences—Explain and Predict Events in Natural Environment  The Social Sciences—Examine Human Relationships Sociology and the Other Sciences

7. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20057  Political Science—Studies How People Govern Themselves  Economics—Studies the Production and Distribution of Goods and Services Sociology and the Other Sciences

8. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20058  Anthropology—The Study of Culture  Psychology—The Study of Processes Within Individuals  Sociology—Similarities to Other Disciplines Sociology and the Other Sciences

9. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20059  Explain Why Something Happens  Make Generalizations  Look for Patterns  Move Beyond Common Sense The Goal of Science

10. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200510  Tradition vs. Science  Emerged mid-1800s  Grew Out of Social Upheaval  The Scientific Method Origins of Sociology

11. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200511  Applying the Scientific Method to Social World  Coined the Term “Sociology”  “Armchair Philosophy” Auguste Comte and Positivism

12. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200512  Second Founder of Sociology  Lower and Higher Forms of Society  Coined Phrase “Survival of the Fittest” Herbert Spencer—Social Darwinism

13. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200513  Engine of Human History is Class Conflict  The Bourgeoisie vs. The Proletariat  Marxism Not the Same as Communism Karl Marx and Class Conflict

14. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200514  Got Sociology Recognized as Separate Discipline  Studied How Social Forces Affect Behavior  Identified “Social Integration”—Degree to Which People are Tied to Social Group Durkheim and Social Integration

15. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200515  Religion and the Origin of Capitalism  Religion is Central Force in Social Change  Protestant Ethic and Spirit of Capitalism Max Weber and the Protestant Ethic

16. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200516  Sociology Should be Value-Free  Sociology Should be Objective  Research Should Involve Replication  Goals and Uses of Sociology Values in Sociological Research

17. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200517  Weber  Verstehen—“To Grasp by Insight”  Importance of Subjective Meanings  Durkheim  Stressed Social Facts  Explain Social Facts with Other Social Facts  How Social Facts and Verstehen Fit Together Verstehen and Social Facts

18. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200518  Attitudes of the Time  1800s Sex Roles Rigidly Defined  Few People Educated Beyond Basics  Harriet Martineau  Published Society in America Before Durkheim and Weber Were Born  Her Work was Ignored Sexism in Early Sociology

19. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200519  Early History: Tension Between Social Reform and Sociological Analysis  Jane Addams and Social Reform  W. E. B. Du Bois and Race Relations  Talcott Parsons and C. Wright Mills: Theory vs. Reform Sociology in North America

20. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200520  Symbolic Interactionism—How People Use Symbols  Applying Symbolic Interactionism— Changing the Meaning of Symbols Affects Expectations Theoretical Perspectives

21. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200521  Emotional Satisfaction  The Love Symbol  The Meaning of Children  The Meaning of Parenthood Applying Symbolic Interactionism—Examples

22. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200522  Marital Roles  Perception of Alternatives  The Meaning of Divorce  Changes in the Law Applying Symbolic Interactionism—Examples

23. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200523  Society is a Whole Unit Made Up of Interrelated Parts that Work Together  Functionalism, Structural Functionalism  Robert Merton—Functions and Dysfunctions Functional Analysis

24. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200524  Economic Production  Socialization of Children  Care of the Sick and Elderly Applying Functional Analysis

25. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200525  Recreation  Sexual Control  Reproduction Applying Functional Analysis

26. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200526  Karl Marx and Conflict Theory  Conflict Theory Today  Feminists and Conflict Theory  Applying Conflict Theory Conflict Theory

27. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200527  Functionalists and Conflict Theorists— Macro Level  Symbolic Interactionists—Micro Level Levels of Analysis

28. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200528  Sociology Full Circle: Reform vs. Research  Globalization Trends Shaping the Future