1. Bell Work What is the major goal of Sociology? What do sociologists focus on in their studies?

2. Founding Figures in Sociology Jane Addams (1860- 1935) Social Reform Opened Hull House in Chicago  Refuge for the poor in the slums  8 hour work day, laws against child labor

3. Founding Figures in Sociology Auguste Comte (1798-1857) Positivism—applying the scientific method to the social world  Coined the term “sociology”  Discover social principles and apply them to the social world

4. Founding Figures in Sociology W.E.B. Dubois (1868-1963) Race relations Studied the relationship between races Founded NAACP

5. Founding Figures in Sociology Emile Durkheim (1858- 1917) Social Integration--the degree to which people are tied to their social group Goal: show how social forces affect people’s behavior (suicide study)

6. Founding Figures in Sociology Harriet Martineau (1802- 1876) Early female sociologist, largely ignored Studied social life in Britain and U.S. Society in America—report on young America’s customs

7. Founding Figures in Sociology Karl Marx (1818-1883) Conflict theory— societies is composed of groups competing for scarce resources Communist Manifesto Ideas came from struggle of workers during Industrial Revolution

8. Founding Figures in Sociology George Herbert Mead (1863-1931) Symbolic Interactionist Study of children at play: learn to take the role of the other Essential if we are to live in human groups Generalized other— our perception of how people in general think of us

9. Founding Figures in Sociology Herbert Spencer (1820- 1903) Social Darwinism— “survival of the fittest” Reforms don’t allow this  don’t improve society

10. Founding Figures in Sociology Max Weber (1864-1920) Protestant Ethic— self- denying approach to life (work hard, save money) Religion  key to social change ( caused capitalism to flourish in some areas)

11. Founding Figures in Sociology C. Wright Mills (1916-1962) Focus on social reform Sociological imagination— external influences of society affect individual behavior