1. SOCIOLOGY A Down-to-Earth Approach 8/e SOCIOLOGY Chapter One Lesson Two: The Sociological Perspective This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program. James M. Henslin

2. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20072  Tradition vs. Science  Emerged mid-1800s  Grew Out of Social Upheaval  Rethinking of Social Life  The Success of Natural Sciences Origins of Sociology

3. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20073  Applying the Scientific Method to Social World  Coined the Term “Sociology”  “Armchair Philosophy” Auguste Comte and Positivism

4. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20074  Second Founder of Sociology  Lower and Higher Forms of Society  Coined Phrase “Survival of the Fittest” Herbert Spencer - Social Darwinism

5. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20075  Engine of Human History is Class Conflict  The Bourgeoisie vs. The Proletariat  Marxism Not the Same as Communism Karl Marx and Class Conflict

6. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20076  Got Sociology Recognized as Separate Discipline  Studied How Social Forces Affect Behavior  Identified “Social Integration” - Degree to Which People are Tied to Social Group Emile Durkheim and Social Integration

7. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20077

8. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20078  Religion and the Origin of Capitalism  Religion is Central Force in Social Change  Protestant Ethic and Spirit of Capitalism Max Weber and the Protestant Ethic

9. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 20079  Sociology Should be Value-Free  Sociology Should be Objective  Research Should Involve Replication  Goals and Uses of Sociology Values in Sociological Research Values in Sociological Research

10. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200710

11. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200711  Weber  Verstehen - “To Grasp by Insight”  Importance of Subjective Meanings  Durkheim  Stressed Social Facts  Explain Social Facts with Other Social Facts  How Social Facts and Verstehen Fit Together Verstehen and Social Facts

12. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200712  Attitudes of the Time  1800s Sex Roles Rigidly Defined  Few People Educated Beyond Basics  Harriet Martineau  Published Society in America Before Durkheim and Weber Were Born  Her Work was Ignored Sexism in Early Sociology

13. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200713  Early History: Tension Between Social Reform and Sociological Analysis  Jane Addams and Social Reform  W. E. B. Du Bois and Race Relations  Talcott Parsons and C. Wright Mills: Theory vs. Reform  Continuing Tension and Rise of Applied Sociology Sociology in North America

14. Chapter 1: The Sociological Perspective Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 200714