1. German Institute of Urban Affairs Deutsches Institut für UrbanistikEcomm - Utrecht 20 May 2015 - Moving Session A:4 ‘Parking standards’ and ‘mobility management’ are the two sides of the same coin !?!

2. German Institute of Urban Affairs Deutsches Institut für UrbanistikEcomm - Utrecht 20 May 2015 - Moving Session A:4 Opening statement: Parking management policy should change parking standards from minimum to maximum supply standards. WHY? Source: 16 Good Reasons for Parking Management

3. German Institute of Urban Affairs Deutsches Institut für UrbanistikEcomm - Utrecht 20 May 2015 - Moving Session A:4 …some basics to start with...  Parking standards  The ‘need‘ for parking standards  The ‘need‘ to reduce parking standards  The ‘need’ to involve mobility management  Best practice examples of reducing parking standards

4. German Institute of Urban Affairs Deutsches Institut für UrbanistikEcomm - Utrecht 20 May 2015 - Moving Session A:4 Parking standard  …also knowns as o Parking requirement, parking norm, parking ratio o …..  …is a legal issues/regulation in most European countries  …usually the jurisdiction is by the cities or municipalities  but it should/must be in accordance with national/regional law

5. German Institute of Urban Affairs Deutsches Institut für UrbanistikEcomm - Utrecht 20 May 2015 - Moving Session A:4 The ‘need‘ for parking standards  Increasing car ownership after World War II  => parking standards were designed to instruct developers to build parking lots in correlation to o new apartments o new offices/shops/workplaces etc.  Buy-out/‘transfer fee’ can be paid by developers

6. German Institute of Urban Affairs Deutsches Institut für UrbanistikEcomm - Utrecht 20 May 2015 - Moving Session A:4 The ‘need‘ to reduce parking standards  parking standards define the minimum, (usually) not limiting the maximum  choice of travel mode is determined by the availability of a transportation mode  long time reducing parking supply (or at least not expanding) should be in the interest of the city/municipality o to save costs o to improve the environment o to increase safety aspects

7. German Institute of Urban Affairs Deutsches Institut für UrbanistikEcomm - Utrecht 20 May 2015 - Moving Session A:4 The ‘need’ to involve mobility management

8. German Institute of Urban Affairs Deutsches Institut für UrbanistikEcomm - Utrecht 20 May 2015 - Moving Session A:4 The ‘need’ to involve mobility management Overnight

9. German Institute of Urban Affairs Deutsches Institut für UrbanistikEcomm - Utrecht 20 May 2015 - Moving Session A:4 The ‘need’ to involve mobility management Daytime (morning hours)

10. German Institute of Urban Affairs Deutsches Institut für UrbanistikEcomm - Utrecht 20 May 2015 - Moving Session A:4 Best practice examples of reducing parking standards  Zurich, Switzerland introduced a new parking standard [PPV] in July 2014  Tübingen, Germany implementing a new parking concept in the ’French quarter’  City of Ghent, Belgium trying to modify their parking standards for new development areas

11. German Institute of Urban Affairs Deutsches Institut für UrbanistikEcomm - Utrecht 20 May 2015 - Moving Session A:4 Zurich, Switzerland introduced new parking standards in July 2014 See also http://push-pull-parking.eu/docs/file/cs07_push_measures_supplycapzurich.pdf http://push-pull-parking.eu/docs/file/cs08_push_measures_fahrtenmodell.pdf

12. German Institute of Urban Affairs Deutsches Institut für UrbanistikEcomm - Utrecht 20 May 2015 - Moving Session A:4 Tübingen, Germany implementing a new parking concept in the ’French quarter’ Source: Jörg Thiemann-Linden

13. German Institute of Urban Affairs Deutsches Institut für UrbanistikEcomm - Utrecht 20 May 2015 - Moving Session A:4 City of Ghent, Belgium has done a lot…. Source: City of Ghent, Belgium

14. German Institute of Urban Affairs Deutsches Institut für UrbanistikEcomm - Utrecht 20 May 2015 - Moving Session A:4 …but Ghent is trying to modify the parking standards for new development areas as well Measure Description Parking ratio’s determines the amount of parking spots (bicycles and cars) a project developer may build in a new project for different functions (living, working, commercial,…). The parking ratio’s, part of the Parking Plan, was approved by the city council in November 2014. Conceptual work the parking ratio’s is defined and approved Actual Status Start(ed) working with the ratio’s in Jan. 2015. City of Ghent will work with the parking ratio’s for 1 year (Jan. 2015 – Dec. 2015). After one year the City of Ghent will evaluate the ratio’s and possibly make changes, if necessary Success stories / unexpected drivers of the measure So far, the City of Ghent managed to come to an agreement with all project developers. Even without a lot of communication, most project developers are well aware of the parking ratio’s.

15. German Institute of Urban Affairs Deutsches Institut für UrbanistikEcomm - Utrecht 20 May 2015 - Moving Session A:4 City of Ghent, Belgium and Örebro, Sweden are implementation partners in “Push&Pull” Parking management and incentives as successful and proven strategies for energy-efficient urban transport push-pull-parking.eu

16. German Institute of Urban Affairs Deutsches Institut für UrbanistikEcomm - Utrecht 20 May 2015 - Moving Session A:4 Implementation partners in “Push&Pull”  Krakow (PL)  Iasi (RO)  Uni Ljubljana (SL)  Bacau (RO)  Gent (BE)  Tarragona (ES)  Nottingham (UK)  Örebro (SE) Source: PUSH&PULL

17. German Institute of Urban Affairs Deutsches Institut für UrbanistikEcomm - Utrecht 20 May 2015 - Moving Session A:4 Other examples for best practice of reducing parking standards  Paris (Fr), London (GB)  Freiburg (Germany)  ….even Seattle (US) starts thinking Source: Jörg Thiemann-Linden

18. German Institute of Urban Affairs Deutsches Institut für UrbanistikEcomm - Utrecht 20 May 2015 - Moving Session A:4 Lessons learnt  …a change in parking standards is possible not only in Tübingen and Zürich  … a fundamental part is mobility management  …be aware that involving stakeholders is not easy but most important  parking management policy should change parking standards from minimum to maximum supply standards  WHAT DO YOU THINK?

19. German Institute of Urban Affairs Deutsches Institut für UrbanistikEcomm - Utrecht 20 May 2015 - Moving Session A:4 Thank you for your attention! Martina Hertel Deutsches Institut für Urbanistik gGmbH German Institute of Urban Affairs Zimmerstr. 13–15 D - 10969 Berlin ++49 30 39001-105 hertel@difu.de www.difu.de Source: Tilman Bracher