2. JAMES MADISON AND THE SECOND WAR for INDEPENDENCE

3. MADISON’S CONTINUED COMMERCIAL WARFARE  Inherited a troubled Presidency  Attempt diplomacy and economic pressure  Ultimately took U.S. to war

4. MACON’S BILL NO. 2  Authorized the president to reopen trade with Britain and France  If either nation formally agreed to respect U.S. neutral rights at sea, then the U.S. would prohibit trade with that nation’s foe

5. NAPOLEON’S DECEPTION  Napoleon announced his intent to revoke decrees that violated U.S. neutral rights  Madison embargoed trade with Britain in 1811, though Napoleon continued seizing American ships

6. TECUMSEH  Shawnee warrior chief who organized a defensive tribal confederacy  He and his brother “the Prophet” received British Canadian backing

7. BATTLE OF TIPPECANOE  Gen. William Henry Harrison led a force of 1,000 men and destroyed the Shawnee village on Tippecanoe Creek

8. WAR HAWKS  “New Republicans”  Advocated nationalism and expansionism  Eager for war with Britain Henry Clay John C. Calhoun

9. WAR PREPARATIONS  April 1812 – Extended the Embargo for 90 days, Madison calls up 100,000 militia  Madison called for a declaration of war at the end of May – Britain suspended the orders in council June 16th  Unaware of the British concession, Congress moved for war June 18th

10. DECLARATION OF WAR ON GREAT BRITAIN Madison’s message to Congress June 1 st – 4 major grounds for war 1.impressment of American seamen 2.violation of U.S neutrality 3.blockade of U.S. ports 4.refusal to revoke the orders in council

11. WERE WE READY FOR WAR?  U.S. Advantages …Great Britain had limited resources …Proximity …U.S. population greater than Canada …U.S. Navy manned by efficient and well-trained officers and crews  U.S. Disadvantages …Small army composed of volunteers …Lack of united support in New England (“Mr. Madison’s War”) …Lack of a national bank

12. Bank Debate Charter on the U.S. Bank was due to expire March 4, 1811 Congressional consideration postponed due to foreign affairs “Old Republicans” opposed renewal 2/3 of the stock was owned by Britons – renewal would aid the enemy Failure to recharter the bank deprived the government of urgently needed financial resources during the War of 1812

13. ELECTION OF 1812 – A DIVIDED NATION  Madison won re-election  Republican strength in the South and West overcame Federalist and antiwar Republicans opposition to war in the North

15. FRANCIS SCOTT KEY  Prisoner on a British ship – watched as the city of Baltimore fought the British

16. TREATY OF GHENT  Failed to settle the issues that led to war  Americans yielded on impressment and gave up Canada  British agreed to stop aiding Indians  Commissions formed to settle boundary dispute

17. GENERAL ANDREW JACKSON Battle of New Orleans Large British army was met by General Jackson’s militia British and US had negotiated peace 2 weeks earlier

18. Federalist from 5 New England states Discontent with the war and Madison's administration Secede or no? Hartford Convention: Leap or No Leap