1. © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Chapter Eight: Taking Control of Alcohol Use

2. © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. The Nature of Alcoholic Beverages  Ethyl alcohol or ethanol  Produced through fermentation  May be concentrated through distillation  Alcohol content  Beer: 4%  Wine: 10-14%  Port, sherry: 20%  Distilled liquors: 40-100%  Proof = Twice the alcohol concentration

3. © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. The Nature of Alcoholic Beverages  Alcohol = central nervous system depressant  May appear to act as a stimulant in social situations because it depresses the inhibitory centers of the brain

4. © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Physiological Effects of Alcohol Consumption  Absorbed primarily in small intestine  Factors that influence absorption  Strength of beverage  Number of drinks consumed  Speed of consumption  Presence of food  Degree of hydration  Body chemistry  Race/ethnicity  Gender  Metabolized in the liver

5. © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Gender and Alcohol Absorption  Women absorb more alcohol more quickly than men  Less alcohol dehydrogenase  Proportionately more body fat  Proportionately less body water  Effects of menstrual cycle

6. © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)  BAC = percentage of alcohol in a measured quantity of blood  BAC rises when alcohol is consumed faster than it is metabolized by the liver  BAC: 0.05% Changes in behavior  BAC: 0.10% Decrease in motor function  BAC: 0.25% Body starts to shut down  Alcohol poisoning= potentially fatal elevation of BAC, often resulting from heavy, rapid consumption of alcohol

7. © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Alcohol Poisoning  Danger Signs  Occurs after heavy drinking in a short period of time  Unconsciousness, deep stupor  Shock  Vomiting  Weak, rapid pulse  Irregular breathing, pale or bluish skin

8. © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. First Aid for Acute Alcohol Intoxication  Seek medical assistance: Call 911  Lie person on their side to avoid choking if vomiting occurs  Position head lower than the rest of the body to help prevent asphyxiation  Monitor breathing and pulse rate

9. © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Patterns of Alcohol Use  Reasons people drink  Effective, affordable, legal psychoactive drug  Reduced inhibitions  Associated with positive events and characteristics, “good times”

10. © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Alcohol Consumption  One drink:  12 ounces of beer  5 ounces of wine  1.5 ounces of liquor  Current use: Consumption of least one drink in the past 30 days  Binge drinking: Consumption of five or more drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the last 2-weeks

11. © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. College Drinking: Negative Consequences

12. © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Current, Binge, and Heavy Alcohol Use among Persons Ages 12 or Older

13. © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. How Much Alcohol Do College Students Really Drink?

14. © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Alcohol and Wellness: Summary  Alcohol-related medical problems  Effects of chronic use  Fetal alcohol syndrome  Alcohol-related psychological problems  Alcoholism  Alcohol abuse  Alcohol-related social problems  Accidents  Crime and violence  Suicide  Alcohol-related family problems

15. © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Effects of Chronic Alcohol Use on the Body  Chronic malnutrition  Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome  Cirrhosis and other liver disorders  Cardiovascular disease  Cancer  Infectious diseases

16. © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Effects of Alcohol Use on the Body

17. © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) and Fetal Alcohol Effects (FAE)  Alcohol crosses the placenta and can cause birth defects in unborn children  Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)  Low birth weight  Mental retardation  Facial abnormalities  Heart problems  Fetal alcohol effects (FAE)  Partial expression of FAS

18. © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

19. © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Alcohol-Related Psychological Problems  Alcohol dependence (alcoholism)  Primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental influences  Tolerance, withdrawal, pattern of compulsive use  Physical addiction, serious health effects  Alcohol abuse  Pattern of drinking that creates personal difficulties or difficulties for other people—harmful consequences  Consequences/indications  Missing classes, reduced academic performance  Blackouts  Legal problems

20. © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Alcohol-Related Social Problems  Accidents  Motor vehicle collisions  Falls  Drowning  Fires and burns  Crime and Violence  Suicide

21. © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Alcohol-Related Family and Relationship Problems  Alcohol and the family  Dysfunctional family behaviors  Associated problems  Enabling  Denial  Codependence  Dual addiction  Adult children of alcoholic parents  Women and alcohol—special concerns

22. © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Responsible Use of Alcohol  Becoming a responsible drinker  Don’t make getting drunk the goal or drinking the focus of your activity  Eat food before drinking  Set a limit on the number of drinks you will consume  Limit alcoholic drinks to one an hour  Don’t use alcohol to manage your feelings  Don’t leave your drinks unattended

23. © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Responsible Use of Alcohol  Hosting a Party Responsibly  Host negligence  Designated driver  Guidelines:  Provide other beverages in addition to alcohol  Provide food  Serve diluted drinks  Do not urge guests to keep glasses full  If a guest becomes intoxicated, provide transportation home, or overnight accom.

24. © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Organizations That Support Responsible Drinking  Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD)  Students Against Destructive Decisions (SADD)  BACCHUS  GAMMA Peer Education Network

25. © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Alcohol Advertising  Targets minorities, women, and youth  College advertising  Wine cooler ads  Concentration of liquor stores and advertising in low-income, ethnic communities

26. © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Treatment for Alcohol Problems  Rehabilitation centers  Hospitals  Medication  Counseling  Support groups  Alcoholics Anonymous  Al-Anon and Alateen

27. © 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Chapter Eight: Taking Control of Alcohol Use