1. PHP and HTML PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor Scripting at the server end allows for page customisation. Javascript may be used to make pages more interactive on the client side. PHPPHP (see http://www.php.net/) is a way of combining scripting with HTML for "smart" page output.

2. PHP and HTML Example use of PHP Imagine that you want to know the "latest results in the European Indoor Championships". A sports information server could deliver a static page, created by a person occasionally updating a HTML page… Or the results could be pulled directly from a database maintained by the organisers of the games, formatted and output on demand.

3. PHP and HTML Examples of simple output Each of the three examples that follow has identical output.

4. PHP and HTML Comparison of Examples: (old) HTML Text Size 0 Text Size 1 Text Size 2 Text Size 3 Text Size 4

5. PHP and HTML Comparison of Examples: JS <!-- if viewed by an old browser or JS is turned off... for(i=0; i<5; i++) {document.write(" Text Size " + i + " "); } // -->

6. PHP and HTML Comparison of Examples: PHP <?php for($i=0; $i<5; $i++) { echo " Text Size $i "; } ?>

7. PHP and HTML Entire Example PHP page Dynamic Output example Text Size $i "; } ?> *Can use echo instead of print

8. PHP and HTML How you write PHP NAS prefers Eclipse with PHP extensions, a reference book and a reference web site – but a plain text editor will do! Others use Dreamweaver or Expression Web, a reference book and a reference web site These ways provide an environment for writing PHP with keyword highlighting Each has some help-based support A good editor is useful if you cannot remember html tags or PHP functions

9. PHP and HTML "Superglobal" associative arrays PHP maintains lots of sets of useful information, most of which you’ll never need However, some of them are very useful in Web development We will be using some of the following "superglobals". They will be explained when required They all contain many pairs of items (name->value) and we can get the value if we know the name

10. PHP and HTML PHP "Superglobals" $_GET – normally we don’t use this method – Variables provided to the script via URL query string, makes it easy to see/change what was sent – Often a limit to the amount of data that can be sent $_POST – Variables provided to the script via HTML form “POST” method – Normally has a much higher limit on amount of data sent Best to use $_REQUEST to grab GET and POST data

11. PHP and HTML Variables Integers (simple counting numbers) Floating point numbers (for fractions) Strings (text) Objects (groups of different things) Arrays (groups of things of the same type) We suggest you use $nName for numbers and $sName for strings. Ignore objects and arrays for the moment. PHP is case sensitive so $nName is not the same as $nname

12. PHP and HTML Numeric expressions Add $nTotal = $nAmt1 + $nAmt2; Subtract -, multiply *, divide / Comparisons Equal $nAmt1 == $nAmt2, Not Equal !=, Less than Less than or equal to =

13. PHP and HTML Strings Double quoted strings: $sFirstName="Mo"; $sLastName="Farah"; Print "Hello, $sFirstName $sLastName"; This would print: Hello, Mo Farah Special characters: – \n newline, \$ dollar sign, \\ backslash, \" double quote Joining Strings: $sComplete = $sFirstName.$sLastName;

14. PHP and HTML Conditional statements if (expression) statement; if (expression) {statement; statement; } // An expression example: $nCount<32

15. PHP and HTML Conditional statements if (expression) {statement; statement; } else {statement; statement; } if($nCount<31) {echo "okay!"; } else {phpinfo(); }

16. PHP and HTML More examples if ($i==$j) {print "equal $i $j \n"; $i++; } else {print "unequal $i $j \n"; $i--; } Note puts a new line on your web page, \n puts a new line in the coding (i.e. if you open the source code it will have a new line).

17. PHP and HTML For Loops for (expression1; expression2; expression3) {statement; statement; } e.g. expression1: $nCount=1// start value expression2: $nCount<10// end value expression3: $nCount++// increment)

18. PHP and HTML Example For Loop // iteration with a counting loop for($i=0; $i<5; $i++) {print " Text Size $i /n"; } // The loop counter “i” is [0..4] in this example

19. PHP and HTML While Loops while (expression) {statement; statement; } Continues while the expression is True Stops when it is False

20. PHP and HTML Example While loop $i=0; while ($i<5) { print " Text Size $i /n"; $i++; // could use $i=$i+1; }

21. PHP and HTML What is HTML5? HTML4 became a W3C Recommendation way back in 1997 HTML5 adds some new ways of structuring documents It adds media handling and navigation awareness It gets rid of some deprecated tags It’s cleaner, more modern, more semantic, yet broadly compatible with HTML4 Nic Shulver, FCET, Staffordshire University

22. PHP and HTML Why is it important? Web page usage has changed a lot since the mid 1990’s HTML5 provides a standardized platform for desktop and mobile systems to use HTML5 builds on the strengths of older HTML but removes some weaknesses Many developers will be comfortable with HTML5 immediately Limited updating required for server-side code Nic Shulver, FCET, Staffordshire University

23. PHP and HTML How does it fit with PHP? PHP runs at the server HTML5 markup is rendered at the browser PHP is often used to generate HTML output If you write valid HTML5 out from the server using PHP, all is well Nic Shulver, FCET, Staffordshire University

24. PHP and HTML Pros and Cons HTML5 has many helpful features to simplify page and site design Additional tags and attributes and new ways of using those tags enhance semantic content For example: Kludgy solutions for technologies like audio output are replaced by a simple, clean approach But older browsers don’t support these goodies Newer browsers cover big chunks of the HTML5 spec, and much of CSS3 as well Nic Shulver, FCET, Staffordshire University

25. PHP and HTML Traditional HTML Traditional HTML pages will work well in HTML5-compliant browsers Many years will pass by before server-side output becomes predominantly HTML5-based Skills in HTML4 can be enhanced to take into account the stable parts of HTML5 Note that HTML4 is still the most up-to-date, complete, published standard for web markup HTML5 may be fully ratified some time between 2014 and 2022! Nic Shulver, FCET, Staffordshire University

26. PHP and HTML Code examples Your Name: Your Email: Send A simple form which allows for “example text” in the input boxes. Note that the form requires input in both fields before it can be sent. Also note that the email input does some structural validation. Nic Shulver, FCET, Staffordshire University

27. PHP and HTML Critical appraisal of HTML5 HTML5 has specific browser support, it's built into most modern browsers May not be available on older mobile devices Trends in web app development are towards open standards and vendor neutrality, key for businesses It has taken a long time to develop Support has been inconsistent It is changing the web Nic Shulver, FCET, Staffordshire University

28. PHP and HTML Background Reading W3C: HTML5 differences from HTML4 http://www.w3.org/TR/html5-diff/ W3C: HTML5 differences from HTML4 http://www.w3.org/TR/html5-diff/ What's New in HTML 5 - Jennifer Kyrnin http://www.html5in24hours.com/2014/08/new-in-html5/ What's New in HTML 5 - Jennifer Kyrnin http://www.html5in24hours.com/2014/08/new-in-html5/ 28 HTML5 Features, Tips, and Techniques you Must Know - Jeffrey Way http://net.tutsplus.com/tutorials/html-css-techniques/25-html5- features-tips-and-techniques-you-must-know/ 28 HTML5 Features, Tips, and Techniques you Must Know - Jeffrey Way http://net.tutsplus.com/tutorials/html-css-techniques/25-html5- features-tips-and-techniques-you-must-know/ Nic Shulver, FCET, Staffordshire University

29. PHP and HTML Summary We have discussed: Some of what PHP can do, What PHP looks like, Examples of PHP statements, Background on HTML5, Examples of HTML5.