1. Phuket, Thailand, 20 May 2013 Telecommunication System for Early Warning and Disaster Relief Masao Kojima Senior Manager Industry Standards Department KDDI ms-kojima@kddi.com ITU Workshop on “Disaster Relief Systems, Network Resiliency and Recovery” (Phuket, Thailand, 20 May 2013)

2. Phuket, Thailand, 20 May 2013 2 Photo of Natural Disaster

3. Phuket, Thailand, 20 May 2013 3 Content(1/2) Need for Telecommunication Systems o ｆ Early Warning & Disaster Relief Early Warning & Disaster Relief System for Local residents in Japan (current) Lead Time for Early Warning Traditional and New System for Early Warning & Disaster Relief Category for Early Warning and Disaster Relief Systems Landscape of Early Warning & Disaster Relief and their Systems Effectiveness of Mobile System on KDDI’s experience March 11,2011

4. Phuket, Thailand, 20 May 2013 4 Content(2/2) Flow Direction and Early Warning & Disaster Relief Systems KDDI’s Mobile Systems for Early Warning & Disaster Relief Earthquake Early Warning System How to detect earthquake in advance Emergency Rapid Mail Disaster Message Board Service Customer preference for real time voice Disaster Voice Delivery Service Disaster Relief by Guidance Digital Signage for Disaster Relief Conclusion

5. Phuket, Thailand, 20 May 2013 5 Needs for Teleco Systems of Early Warning and Disaster Relief Disaster results in loss of human lives & displacement of millions of people Communication system can play a great role in providing early warning & disaster relief Early warning before disaster is a key element for disaster prevention and reducing loss of human lives Disaster relief at or during disaster can make victims to capture the correct information on rescue parties, relief supplies and evacuation shelter. Disaster relief after disaster can make victims to capture the damage situation and safe confirmation. And also it can provide their friends and relatives with their individual situation. In addition, it can be effective for life sustainability

6. Early Warning & Disaster Relief Sys. for local residents in Japan (current) New Area in Mobile Traditional (Broadcast) Traditional (Dedicated Radio) Traditional Ｅｘｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎ ｆｒｏｍ ｔｈｅ ｐａｐｅｒ ” Utilization of ICT for Disaster Management Japan ” WS-DMC-22: Presentation material Mr.MORISHIT of MIC ／ APT Workshop on Disaster Management / Communications, October 2011 Information Gathering TransmissionAnnouncement New Area in Broadcast New Area in Internet

7. Lead Time for Early Warning Seconds for earthquakes Minutes for tornadoes and tsunami Days to hours for volcanic eruptions Weeks to hours for hurricanes Months to weeks for droughts Years or even decades for slow-onset threats (such as El Nino, climate change, etc.) Ｅｘｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎ ｆｒｏｍ ｔｈｅ ｐａｐｅｒ ” drnrr-i-0029-Early Warning Systems (EWS)” by Veronica F. Grasso, UNDP, the second FG-DR&NRR, September 2012

8. Traditional and New System for Early Warning & Disaster Relief TV broadcasting Radio broadcasting (FM &AM) Priority use of fixed telephone for local government, evacuation shelters and other public entities Disaster Prevention Administrative Radio System New trend is system via mobile

9. Category for Early Warning and Disaster Relief Systems (1/2) 1. Information flow direction Public agency to General public (potential victim) Public agency to Public agency Public agency to Individual (potential victim) Individual (victim) to Public Agency Individual (victim) to Individual, and visa versa 2. Type of physical system Radio, TV, mobile, amateur radio, digital signature etc

10. Category for Early Warning and Disaster Relief Systems (2/2) 3. Timing of information and possible application Before disaster for preparedness and prevention At or During disaster for rescue and evacuation After disaster for safe confirmation and life sustainability

11. Landscape of Early Warning & Disaster Relief and their Systems (1/2) Type of Early Warning & Disaster Relief Systems Early Warning before Disaster Disaster Relief- at or during Disaster Disaster relief- after Disaster Public agency to General public TV broadcasting- Shared ○○ ○ Radio broadcasting- Shared ○○ ○ Digital signature (new) –Shared ○○ ○ Fixed radio communications- Dedicated ○○ ○ Public agency to Public agency Fixed radio communication- Dedicated ○○ ○ Satellite fixed- Dedicated ○○ ○ Satellite Vehicle- Dedicated －－ ○

12. Landscape of Early Warning & Disaster Relief and their Systems(2/2) Public agency to Individual Mobile broadcast (new)-Shared ○○ ○ Disaster Relief by Guidance (new)- Dedicated － ○○ Individual to Public Agency Mobile-Phone-Shared － ○ ○ Fixed-Phone-Shared － ○ ○ Amateur Radio 1) – Shared － ○ ○ Individual to Individual Mobile-Phone-Shared － ○ ○ Fixed-Phone-Shared － ○ ○ Disaster Message Board (new)- Dedicated －－ ○ Disaster Voice Delivery (new)- Dedicated －－ ○

13. Effectiveness of Mobile System on KDDI’s experience March 11, 2011 Many victims run off with mobile terminal in hand after a disaster (e.g. Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, March 11, 2011) Higher mobile penetration ratio than fixed telephone Disaster warning also provided by conventional broadcasting services such as TV and Radio TV & Radio to provide an information to general public but not to individual Mobile to provide information not only to general public but also individual

14. Flow Direction and Early Warning & Disaster Relief Sys Early Warning for general public (To warn of a coming potential disaster) Disaster Relief for general public (To notify latest support situation after disaster) Disaster Relief for individual (To notify damage situation from victims to their friends and family members Disaster Relief by guidance (To guide each victim a route to evacuation shelters and to his home )

15. 1.Early Warning (Earthquake) 2.Disaster Relief for public 3.Disaster Relief for individual (Text message board) 4.Disaster Relief by guidance (Graphical guidance) KDDI’s Mobile Systems for Early Warning & Disaster Relief 1.Early Warning (Earthquake, Tsunami ) 2.Disaster Relief for public (Disaster / Evacuation) 3.Disaster Relief for individual (Text & Audio message board) 4.Disaster Relief by guidance (Graphical guidance ) Additional request based on the experience of March 11, 2011 Before March 11, 2011 After April 1& June 4, 2012

16. 16 Earthquake Early Warning System What is the earthquake early warning system? (Started from Mar. 2008 ）  Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) originated at Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) is broadcasted to au mobile phones in areas around the seismic center, free from congestion.  An alert with a dedicated alarm tone, vibration, and display on a mobile phone screen.  Only when a maximum Seismic Intensity” Scale 5” lower or more is estimated, the EEW is broadcasted to the areas where a Scale 4 or more is foreseen. Sense ‘P’ wave JMA KDDI network Analyze P wave Transmit EEW Dispatch EEW message Broadcast EEW in areas around seismic center au mobile phone (alarm tone, vibration) ★ Penetration of au mobile phone applicable to EEW 26.8 million amongst 33.9 mil. (79%) (as of Oct. 2011 ) 〔 Actual screen of iPhone- 5 〕 How did EEW work on the Mar. 11 disaster?  Effective to notify people of the earthquake  Not useful to notify people of the tsunami, however Currently, KDDI supports the tsunami warning.(2012.3.30~)

17. 17 How to detect earthquake in advance Detect ‘P’ wave JM A Analyze P wave Transmit EEW 〔 Actual screen 〕 Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) in Japan: When two or more Seismometers detect P-waves, the JMA immediately analyzes the readings and distributes the warning information to advanced users, such as TV/Radio broadcaster and mobile phone operators, before the arrival of S-wavesSeismometersP-wavesJMAS-waves Broadcast EEW in areas around seismic center Seismo -meters 1) P-wave: non-destructive, 6 ～ 7km/sec 2) S-wave: destructive, 3 ～ 4km/sec P-wave Seismomenters for P- wave www.meisei.co.jp/english/news/topi cs/meiseitopics_vol_45.pdf

18. 18 Emergency Rapid Mail (since 2012 ） ！ Three function: ① Earthquake Warning, ② Tsunami Warning 、③ Disaster/Evacuation Info ・ Simultaneous Transmission, like broadcasting ・ Transmission only within affected regions ① 3PP: ETWS （ Earthquake and Tsunami Warning System ） ② 3GPP2: Broadcast SMS Nation ・ Municipalities (Publishing Disaster/ Evacuation Information) Messages Transmission Process Transmission Only Within the Related Regions ※ Not Transmitting to Other Regions ○○ City Disaster/ Evacuation Information Simultaneous Transmission △△ City Disaster Tsunami JMA Tsunami Warning earthquake Earthquake Warning Broadcasting Early Warning Disaster Relief

19. I can not come home ・・ I want to contact my family ・ ・ It is hard to telephone to my home 「 notification mail 」 sending Disaster MSG Board ～ register ～ [Condition] □ I am safe □ I am not safe 。 □ I am at home □I am at the evacuation center. □ See the comments OK Disaster Message Board system Confirm the safety Even through other mobile phone networks or Internet, you can access to the Disaster Message board ！ Access to ・・・ h ttp://dengon.ezweb.ne.jp/ Even through other mobile phone networks or Internet, you can access to the Disaster Message board ！ Access to ・・・ h ttp://dengon.ezweb.ne.jp/ Confirm the safety at receiving [notification mail] To register the safety on “Disaster Message Board” Try to register on “Disaster Message Board” I am relieved to hear he is safe. Good ！ We are relieved! Disaster Message Board Service(1/2)

20. Disaster Message Board Service(2/2) Requirements １ ) Items for Registration □ I am safe □ I am not safe □ I am at home □ I am at the evacuation center □ others 2) Terminal for registration ・ Mobile phone terminal with a telephone number (Rec. E.164) ・ Fixed telephone terminal with a telephone number (Rec. E.164) 3) Deletion to delete a safe or relief information only through the terminal for registration 4) Language ・ Mother language ・ English ・ Other language (Option)

21. Just after disaster, victims tried to make voice calls to their relatives and friends for confirmation of safety. (First preference was real time voice) ⇒ After voice traffic was congested & controlled, customers may change their intention from voice call to messaging service. (Peaked at 15 minutes passed) ⇒ Then the user of “ Message board” had increased. ( Peaked at 2 hours passed) Just after disaster, victims tried to make voice calls to their relatives and friends for confirmation of safety. (First preference was real time voice) ⇒ After voice traffic was congested & controlled, customers may change their intention from voice call to messaging service. (Peaked at 15 minutes passed) ⇒ Then the user of “ Message board” had increased. ( Peaked at 2 hours passed) Customer preference for real time voice outbreak Voice Call message Disaster Message Board 15 mins passed Peaked at 2 hour passed Disaster Voice delivery Service 、 Skype au Time History Real time voice was hard to reach. But voice message is still preferred. It is necessary to enhance this kind of service and to inform it to public Tickers, banner Real time voice was preferred but was hard to reach. Message svc is second choice.

22. After a disaster, Disaster Voice Delivery Service is provided. The voice is packetized and to be stored & forwarded in Packet Network. This service has been launched since June 4, 2012 22 I will inform my wife of my safety by voice. Let’s try to use “Disaster Voice Delivery Service” ・ Voice is stored in Smart Phone. ・ The Voice is transferred in Packet NW Voice delivery Server I am relieved to hear “he is safe”. Voice File Packet Network Disaster Voice Delivery Service(1/2) Voice File

23. Disaster Voice Delivery Service(2/2) Requirements 1) Registering the called number of victim’s relatives and friends ・ to register a single called number registered at a terminal ・ to register multi called number registered at a terminal 2) Recording a voice ・ to record and to packetize a voice at a terminal 3) Sending a voice ・ to send a packetized voice to a terminal with called number registered 4) Receiving and reproducing a voice ・ to receive and to reproduce a packetized voice at a receiving terminal 5) Type of terminal ・ Smart-Phones (interoperable for each other) 6) Method of packetized and de-packetized voice ・ TBD

24. "Mobile evacuation tool supporting you safety" (1) Enabled for self positioning (4) Still operate even if Mobile Phone radio signal is cut off Evacuation shelter map (2) Anti-disaster goods purchasable from sites Get locations displayed, targeting wide-area evacuation shelters, railroads, main roads, administrative offices, railway stations, and emergency hospitals. (3) Accessible to Disaster Message Board Set your destination to know the direction and distance to that place. Point your Sun Icon to the sun to determine the direction facing ahead. Homecoming support map Make use of downloadable map that tells you the route between two points you have specified in advance. Get information displayed, targeting the locations of evacuation shelters, emergency hospitals, disaster designated hospitals, convenience stores, toilets, among others. Also get information displayed, targeting dangerous/hazardous points such as a block wall. Peace of mind service - you can still use it should major disaster cause Base Stations to suspend transmission. Disaster Relief by Guidance(1/3)

25. Disaster Relief by Guidance(2/3) Requirement-1 1) Easy understandable graphical guidance. 2) Superimpose (mash-up) some kinds of maps into one guidance map; which includes a base-line geographical map, terminal position, evacuation shelter map, public service entities such as hospital and local government, locations of dangerous spots and so forth. G (GPS)

26. Disaster Relief by Guidance (3/3) Requirement-2 3) To superimpose (mash-up) even by a mobile terminal or a local server (cashing) 4) To operate the system even under no-connection with a central web-server, because a network is sometimes isolated after disaster. However, a local government is required to provide a map-guidance within an isolated network. (cashing) 5) To operate at most or any mobile terminals on a platform/Browser. (Open platform) (Note) SVG-Map as Possible Platform As a key technology for graphical MAP platform on mobile device, SVG-Map (web-browser's standard graphic format) under HTML5 has been developed by W3C. SVG-Map can meet to item 2), 3), 4), 5) above, but an existing Map does not.

27. Digital Signage for Disaster Relief Extraction from SG16 document “T13-SG16-130114-TD-WP2-0024!!MSW-E” Digital signage platformsfor Digital signage platforms - Designated shelterEvacuation center Mobile prediction agencies Station Public building Commercial facilities - Early Warning - Relief information Government /local government - Early Warning - Relief information

28. Conclusion Telecommunication systems for early warning ＆ disaster relief can play great roles; Before Disaster: for Preparedness, Prevention At or During Disaster: for Rescue, Evacuation After Disaster: for Safe confirmation, Life-sustainability Mobile system is effective because many victims run off with mobile terminal in hand. However, it has not been developed and implemented yet. Therefore, it is recommended that mobile system for early warning & disaster relief will be developed and implemented.

29. Appendix-1 Situations in East Japan

30. Appendix- ２ Natural Disasters