1. Quality Education for a Healthier Scotland Multidisciplinary Role of the Facilitator in Supporting Learning

2. Quality Education for a Healthier Scotland Multidisciplinary Learning outcomes Discuss how adults learn Describe factors that motivate adults to learn Describe the role of the facilitator

3. Quality Education for a Healthier Scotland Multidisciplinary Creating a Climate to Learn Learning takes place when parents are ready physiologically and psychologically. Depends on what is being taught Comfort – too heavily pregnant is a barrier to effective learning Motivation Good Teaching

4. Quality Education for a Healthier Scotland Multidisciplinary Adult Learners Are in a continuing process of growth, not at the start of a process Bring with them experience and values Value learning that is pertinent to their lives Bring expectations about the learning process Have competing interests Prefer a problem centred approach to learning over subject centred Already have their own set of patterns of learning

5. Quality Education for a Healthier Scotland Multidisciplinary How do you learn?

6. Quality Education for a Healthier Scotland Multidisciplinary Learning Styles Autonomous Self directed Goal orientated Practical Relevancy orientated Problem solvers Life experiences

7. Quality Education for a Healthier Scotland Multidisciplinary Domains of Learning Cognitive Behaviours that require thought processes Knowledge and intellectual abilities Affective Demonstration of feelings, emotions or attitudes towards others, people or things Psychomotor Manual skill performance Motor skills Relationships Communication, delegation and leadership e

8. Quality Education for a Healthier Scotland Multidisciplinary Kolb experiential learning cycle

9. Quality Education for a Healthier Scotland Multidisciplinary

10. Quality Education for a Healthier Scotland Multidisciplinary What makes a good teacher? Knows subject Understands/Respects everyone as an individual Uses different teaching styles to accommodate different learners. Has a sense of humour Is kind and patient Doesn’t give up-believes in everyone Sets a good example Helps those with difficulties

11. Quality Education for a Healthier Scotland Multidisciplinary Attention Span and Need for Variety 20 mins is the average attention span Thereafter it rapidly declines If teaching pregnant women, it is important to acknowledge that Pregnancy amnesia reduces attention span considerably and affects women’s ability to concentrate and to remember what they have heard.

12. Quality Education for a Healthier Scotland Multidisciplinary We Remember 10% of what we read 20% of what we hear 30% of what we see 50% of what we see and hear 80% of what we say 90% of what we say and do

13. Quality Education for a Healthier Scotland Multidisciplinary Test Your Memory PhotographCat Book Friend Computer Chair Parent educationDictionary ExercisePolitics Paper Rescue Swimming Agenda HouseLeaflet StarAromatherapy NationalPregnancy

14. Quality Education for a Healthier Scotland Multidisciplinary 45 Seconds!

15. Quality Education for a Healthier Scotland Multidisciplinary Information in Pregnancy The importance of ‘informed choice’ is recognised as fundamental to good practice and as an integral part of clinical governance in maternity care (Changing Childbirth Department of health 1993)

16. Quality Education for a Healthier Scotland Multidisciplinary What Information Do Pregnant Women Want? Women come to classes primarily to learn about labour and giving birth. They also have a parenting agenda. Women want to know what effect childbirth has on their personal relationships. Women are also interested in baby care, coping with a new baby at home and breastfeeding. Hillan 1992, McIness 2004, O’Meara 1993, Nolan 1997, Parr 1998).

17. Quality Education for a Healthier Scotland Multidisciplinary Schneider 2001 “All women said the information on labour, birth and pain relief was relevant and helpful. Most were disappointed that they received so little information on baby care and coping with an infant in the early days … they wanted more information about infant care …patterns of behaviour … and how they may feel physically and emotionally …”

18. Quality Education for a Healthier Scotland Multidisciplinary What Information Do Men Want? Labour and especially how they could help. Whether they or their partners will struggle to cope with the responsibility of becoming a parent. Whether they and their partners will be good enough parents. Whether their partners might get lonely or bored at home. The effect of parenthood on their work. About the baby –feeding, sleeping and changing the baby.

19. Quality Education for a Healthier Scotland Multidisciplinary What goes wrong? Parent education is often seen as a low priority Lack of training and support Link between provision of information and care received. Philosophy and approach

20. Quality Education for a Healthier Scotland Multidisciplinary How to make it right Education on clinical care. Predetermined learning outcomes. Advice or information. Maintaining or challenging the status quo. Charismatic teaching or persuasion. Patchwork classes. Parent-centred classes.

21. Quality Education for a Healthier Scotland Multidisciplinary Sources of Information in Pregnancy Family & friends Books, magazines, leaflets Television Internet Midwives Doctors & other health professionals Fenwick et al (2005)

22. Quality Education for a Healthier Scotland Multidisciplinary Ways of Giving Information Discussion Written material Demonstration Peer Instruction Lecture Debate Modelling Visualisation Rehearsal Video/DVD But….. We remember 10% of what we read 20% of what we hear 30% of what we see 50% of what we see and hear 80% of what we say 90% of what we say and do

23. Quality Education for a Healthier Scotland Multidisciplinary Barriers to Providing Information Time constraints Language and literacy barriers Anxiety/ stress Failure to assess individual needs Informed compliance rather than informed choice (Stapleton et al 2002)

24. Quality Education for a Healthier Scotland Multidisciplinary Any Questions?

25. Quality Education for a Healthier Scotland Multidisciplinary Summary Adults bring a lot of experience to their learning and there are many differing styles that can be used to support learning Adults attending parent education classes want to learn The role of the facilitator is important