1. Exploring American History Unit VIII- Boom Times and Challenges Chapter 26 – Section 2 The Homefront

2. The Home Front The Big Idea American involvement in World War II helped the U.S. economy and changed the lives of many Americans. Main Ideas Businesses, soldiers, and citizens worked to prepare the United States for war. The war brought new opportunities for many women and minorities. Japanese Americans faced internment during the war.

3. Main Idea 1: Businesses, soldiers, and citizens worked to prepare for war. Factories Factories. Agricultural production Agricultural production. end to the Great Depression end to the Great Depression Selective Training and Service Act of 1940 Selective Training and Service Act of 1940 War Production Board War Production Board taxes Increased taxes war bonds Sold war bonds Collected scrap metal Collected scrap metal Learned to use less Learned to use less Civilians Government Soldiers Businesses

4. New Roles for Federal Government Office of Price Administration The Office of Price Administration. War Production Board The War Production Board. Government spending during the war Government spending during the war increased income tax increased income tax rates

5. Office of Price Administration The functions of the OPA- (established to prevent wartime inflation) The functions of the OPA- (established to prevent wartime inflation) stabilize prices (price controls) and rents after the outbreak of World War II. stabilize prices (price controls) and rents after the outbreak of World War II. place ceilings on all prices except agricultural commodities place ceilings on all prices except agricultural commodities ration scarce supplies of other items, including tires, automobiles, shoes, nylon, sugar, gasoline, fuel oil, coffee, meats and processed foods. At the peak, almost 90% of retail food prices were frozen. ration scarce supplies of other items, including tires, automobiles, shoes, nylon, sugar, gasoline, fuel oil, coffee, meats and processed foods. At the peak, almost 90% of retail food prices were frozen. It could also authorize subsidies for production of some of those commodities. It could also authorize subsidies for production of some of those commodities.

6. War Production Board resources resources companies would convert. companies would convert. Organized nationwide drives to collect scrap Organized nationwide drives to collect scrap

7. Sacrifice and Struggle for Americans at Home millions of dollars worth of war bonds. millions of dollars worth of war bonds. Conserving Food and other Goods victory gardens victory gardens. rationing food items rationing food items scarce goods scarce goods. scrap drives scrap drives Investing in Victory flag with a blue star flag with a blue star. Ernie Pyle – newspaper journalist). (Ernie Pyle – newspaper journalist). Paying the Personal Price

8. Victory Gardens vegetable, fruit and herb gardens vegetable, fruit and herb gardens a civil "morale booster" a civil "morale booster"

9. Scrap Drives morale boosters. morale boosters. tin foil tin foil Scrap paper. Scrap paper. Grease Grease Salvaged kitchen fat Salvaged kitchen fat rubber recycling - synthetic rubber and conservation. rubber recycling - synthetic rubber and conservation. Gas rationing Gas rationing Recycling of steel and iron Recycling of steel and iron

10. War Bonds Series E bonds as "war bonds", "war loans", "victory bonds", and by other names meant to appeal to a sense of patriotism. Series E bonds as "war bonds", "war loans", "victory bonds", and by other names meant to appeal to a sense of patriotism. $185 billion worth $185 billion worth

11. Taxes 1940, virtually all Americans - withholding. 1940, virtually all Americans - withholding. All told, taxes provided about $136.8 billion of the war's total cost of $304 billion All told, taxes provided about $136.8 billion of the war's total cost of $304 billion

12. Service Star Banner Service Star Banner Service Star Banner Each blue star on the flag represents a service member in active duty. Each blue star on the flag represents a service member in active duty. A gold star is displayed if a service member is killed in action or dies in service. A gold star is displayed if a service member is killed in action or dies in service. If several stars are displayed in one family the gold star takes the honor of being placed at the top. If several stars are displayed in one family the gold star takes the honor of being placed at the top.

14. Preparing for War Recall- What law required men to register for the draft? Recall- What law required men to register for the draft? Predict – How might limiting the use of rubber help in the war effort? Predict – How might limiting the use of rubber help in the war effort?

15. Women in Workforce Main Idea 2: The war brought new opportunities for many women and minorities. Women in Military.

17. African Americans in World War II A. Philip Randolph A. Philip Randolph Roosevelt issued an order prohibiting racial discrimination Roosevelt issued an order prohibiting racial discrimination in the government and companies producing war goods. 1 million African Americans served in World War II About 1 million African Americans served in World War II, Tuskegee Airmen The Tuskegee Airmen Military Civilians

18. Mexican Americans in World War II About 300,000 served in the military Many found wartime jobs on West Coast and in Midwest. braceros braceros.. Mexican American youth culture grew. Many faced discrimination.

19. Zoot Suit Riots - 1943 A zoot suit was a popular outfit with young African American and Mexican American men in the 1940s. Most zoot suits sported extra-wide shoulders, knee- length coats, and cuffed baggy pants, sometimes topped with a porkpie hat. A zoot suit was a popular outfit with young African American and Mexican American men in the 1940s. Most zoot suits sported extra-wide shoulders, knee- length coats, and cuffed baggy pants, sometimes topped with a porkpie hat. After a fight broke out in central Los Angeles between a group of zoot-suited teenagers and sailors on leave, some sailors began roaming the streets seeking revenge. What started out as a brawl quickly turned into an invasion, as gangs of servicemen took over sections of the city, beating any Mexican American men and boys they could find. After a fight broke out in central Los Angeles between a group of zoot-suited teenagers and sailors on leave, some sailors began roaming the streets seeking revenge. What started out as a brawl quickly turned into an invasion, as gangs of servicemen took over sections of the city, beating any Mexican American men and boys they could find. The mobs stopped traffic, searched streetcars, and even pulled their victims out of movie theaters. After five days of bloodshed The mobs stopped traffic, searched streetcars, and even pulled their victims out of movie theaters. After five days of bloodshed

20. Wartime Opportunities Recall- Why did factories need more workers? Recall- Why did factories need more workers? Contrast – What is the difference between the opportunities created for women and minorities in the two world wars? Contrast – What is the difference between the opportunities created for women and minorities in the two world wars?

21. Wartime Opportunities Recall- What unfair treatment did Randolph protest? Recall- What unfair treatment did Randolph protest? Rate – Do you think Roosevelt’s order went far enough in prohibiting racial discrimination? Rate – Do you think Roosevelt’s order went far enough in prohibiting racial discrimination?

22. Wartime Opportunities Explain- What were the advantages promise workers in the bracero program? Explain- What were the advantages promise workers in the bracero program? Draw Conclusions – In what ways did people of Mexican heritage contribute to the war effort? Draw Conclusions – In what ways did people of Mexican heritage contribute to the war effort?

23. Main Idea 3: Japanese Americans faced internment during the war. After Pearl Harbor, some Americans began to look at Japanese Americans with fear and suspicion. Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066. internment internment, or forced relocation and imprisonment, of Japanese Americans 115,000 Japanese Americans 115,000 Japanese Americans. Government initially banned Japanese Americans from serving in military. Policy reversed in 1943. 33,000 U.S.-born citizens of Japanese descent, or Nisei, served in World War II.

24. Japanese American Internment Executive Order 9066. Japanese American Loyalty Some mounted legal challenges such as Korematsu v. United States. Some mounted legal challenges such as Korematsu v. United States.

25. Japanese American Internment Recall- What did Japanese Americans lose when they were interned? Recall- What did Japanese Americans lose when they were interned? Explain – Why was losing everything and starting over especially difficult in the early 1940’s? Explain – Why was losing everything and starting over especially difficult in the early 1940’s? Evaluate – What do you think about the service of the all-Nisei combat team? Evaluate – What do you think about the service of the all-Nisei combat team?