1. Syllabus quiz Note: There’s NO quiz on Thursday
10 minutes total
Describe the attendance policy
Describe the video response assignment

2. Francis Bacon (British, ) , Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion, 1944, oil and pastel on canvas, triptych on wood fiberboard, each 37 x 29 inches. The crucifixion was for Bacon a symbol of humanity’s sadism. (right) Picasso, On the Beach (La Baignade) Picasso was a crucial source and personally encouraged Bacon.

3. Francis Bacon, Painting, 1946, oil and pastel on linen, 6' 6" x 52”, MoMA, NYC
The black umbrella was the symbol of British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, and his policy of Nazi appeasement before WWII.
“An attempt to remake the
violence of reality itself” (Bacon)

4. Francis Bacon, Study after Velazquez's Portrait of Pope Innocent X, 5 x 4 ft, 1953; (right top) source: Velazquez, Pope Innocent X, 1650; (right below) a still from Sergei Eisenstein’s 1925 film, The Battleship Potemkin, Odessa steps sequence

5. Francis Bacon, Head Surrounded by Sides of Beef (Study after Velasquez), 4’3” x 4’, oil on canvas, 1954, Art Institute Chicago

6. (left) Francis Bacon, Three Studies of figures on Beds, 1972, oil and pastel on canvas, triptych, each panel 6’6” x 4’ 10” (right) source: Eadweard Muybridge, photograph from The Human Figure in Motion, 1887

7. Sotheby’s May 14, 2008, a Francis Bacon Triptych sells for $86,281,000: from existential anguish and social disaster to prize art market commodity

8. Max Ernst (German Dadaist and Surrealist, ), Europe After the Rain, , oil on canvas, 22 x 58” / Decalcomania, a Surrealist (automatist) method Begun in Paris and completed in New York

9. André Masson (French Surrealist, 1896–1987), Battle of Fishes, 1926, sand, gesso, oil, pencil, and charcoal on canvas, 14 1/4 x 28 3/4“ Masson had been gravely wounded in WWI. He believed that the Surrealist method of chance (Automatism) would reveal the sadism of all living creatures. Spent WW II years in New York City and returned to France after the war.

10. (left) The Emergency Rescue Committee office in Marseilles in 1941 fine artists who escaped France: (from left to right) Max Ernst, Jacqueline Breton, Andre Masson, Andre Breton and Varian Fry (right) "Artists in Exile", Peggy Guggenheim's apartment, New York, Front row: Stanley William Hayter, Leonara Carrington, Frederick Kiesler, Kurt Seligmann. Second Row: Max Ernst, Amedee Ozenfant, Andre Breton, Fernand Leger, Berenice Abbott. Third Row: Jimmy Ernst, Peggy Guggenheim, John Ferren, Marcel Duchamp, Piet Mondrian. Photograph: The Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

11. American Abstract Expressionism Two modes: - gestural abstraction (Action Painting) - chromatic abstraction (“Sublime” or “Color Field” painting)

12. “The Irascibles” (Abstract Expressionists), Life Magazine cover story, 1951
Theodoros Stamos, Jimmy Ernst, Barnett Newman, James Brooks, Mark Rothko, Richard Pousette-Dart, William Baziotes, Jackson Pollock, Clyfford Still, Robert Motherwell, Bradley Walker Tomlin, Willem de Kooning, Adolph Gottlieb, Ad Reinhardt, Hedda Sterne

13. Post WW II: New York becomes the capital of the art world (left) Jackson Pollock ( ) painting, (right) Willem de Kooning (1904–97) early study for Woman I, 1951 “Action Painting”

14. Willem de Kooning, Still Life, charcoal drawing, c
Willem de Kooning, Still Life, charcoal drawing, c.1921, student work in Rotterdam. In 1926 De Kooning stowed away on a merchant ship to come to the US – an illegal immigrant

15. De Kooning in his studio on West 22nd street in 1937

16. De Kooning, Elaine Fried (Elaine de Kooning), pencil drawing, c1940 – 1941

17. Gorky and de Kooning in Gorky’s Studio, c. 1937
Willem de Kooning, Orestes, 1947 compare (right) Arshile Gorky, biomorphic surrealist cubism,
Gorky and de Kooning in Gorky’s
Studio, c. 1937

18. Willem de Kooning (American, born The Netherlands, 1904–1997) (left) Woman, 1940, oil and charcoal on canvas, 46 x 32 in. (right) De Kooning, The Painter, 1940

19. (left) Willem de Kooning, Pink Angels, c
(left) Willem de Kooning, Pink Angels, c. 1945, oil and charcoal on canvas (right) Peter Paul Rubens ( ), The Rape of the Daughters of Leucippus, 1618

20. Willem de Kooning, Woman I, 1950-2 http://www. moma
Willem de Kooning, Woman I, “Venus” of Willendorf, limestone painted with ochre, 4 3/4 inches, 24,000 to 22,000 BCE

21. De Kooning, Gotham News, 1955 “Action Painting” – Abstract Expressionism

22. De Kooning, detail below of upper right (signature) corner of Gotham News, 1955, oil on canvas Action Painting

23. De Kooning in studio, Springs, NY, 1960s

24. Jackson Pollock (American, ) painting in Springs NY studio, 1950 Action Painting – American Abstract Expressionism “I believe the easel picture to be a dying form.” (Guggenheim Application, 1947)
James Dean in
Rebel Without a
Cause, 1955
8 August 1949 issue of Life magazine:
first artist to become a media celebrity

25. Lee Krasner (American, ) in New York studio, mid-1930s Blue Painting, 1946, oil on canvas, 28 x 36” Met Pollock in 1942; married him in 1945.

26. Jackson Pollock, Going West, ; compare: Thomas Hart Benton, The Ballad of the Jealous Lover of Lone Green Valley, 1934, Oil/tempera/canvas

27. (left) Pollock, Flame, 1934, and (below left) Naked Man with a Knife, 1938, o/c, 50 x 36” Compare (right) David Alfaro Siqueiros (Mexican, 1896–1975), Collective Suicide, 1935, enamel on wood with applied sections, 49" x 6‘ (“Il Duco”)

28. Jackson Pollock, Pasiphae, 1943; compare André Masson, Pasiphae, 1943 Surrealism (subjective mythos and automatism) and Jungian psychoanalysis: the collective unconscious

29. Jackson Pollock, Guardians of the Secret, 1943, SFMoMA

30. Jackson Pollock, Mural, 19'10" x 8‘1“, 1943 commissioned by Peggy Guggenheim

31. Jackson Pollock, Full Fathom Five, 1947, oil on canvas with nails, tacks, buttons, key, coins, cigarettes, matches, etc., 50 7/8 x 30 1/8,“ MoMA. Partly poured and partly conventionally-painted (vertical) abstraction.

32. Hans Namuth, photographs and film stills of Pollock Painting, 1951

33. Jackson Pollock, Number 1, 1950 (Lavender Mist),1950, oil, enamel, and aluminum on canvas, 7 ft 3 in x 9 ft 10 in, National Gallery of Art

34. Pollock created "drip" paintings for only a few years 1947-51
Navajo sand painting, a spiritual / healing practice; compare to “Action Painting”: the automatist, performance methods of Jackson Pollock “I feel nearer, more part of the painting This is akin to the method of Indian sand painters of the West" Pollock
Pollock created "drip" paintings for only a few years

35. American Abstract Expressionist Chromatic Expressionism Painters of the Sublime Barnett Newman & Mark Rothko

36. Caspar David Friedrich (German, 1774 -1840), Monk by the Seashore, 1809-10, German Romantic Sublime

37. Wassily Kandinsky (Russian ) Composition IV, 1911, oil on canvas, showing objective forms “veiled” and “dissolved” as a way to move the viewer from material to spiritual consciousness. Kandinsky’s internationally influential theoretical text, Concerning the Spiritual in Art, was published in 1911

38. Piet Mondrian, Composition with Red, Blue, and Yellow, 1930, o/c, 20 x 20” Neo-Plasticism – dynamic equilibrium (without symetry) of opposites symbolizes reconciliation of universal dualities

39. Barnett Newman ( ), Pagan Void, 1946, oil on canvas, 33 x 38” At this point the artist destroys all previous works. “The Ideographic Picture”

40. Barnett Newman, Genesis -- The Break, 1946, oil on canvas, 24 x 27” (c
Barnett Newman, Genesis -- The Break, 1946, oil on canvas, 24 x 27” (c.61 x 69 cm), Dia Center for the Arts

41. Barnett Newman, Onement I (1948), 27 by 16”, oil on canvas and oil on masking tape on canvas; (below) Kasimir Malevich, Black Square, 1915, oil on canvas, 32” square. Russian Suprematism

42. Barnett Newman Vir Heroicus Sublimis (Man, Heroic, Sublime) , o/c, 8 x 18 ft “We are freeing ourselves of the impediments of memory, association, nostalgia, legend, myth, or what have you, that have been the devices of Western European painting.”

43. Barnett Newman and an unidentified viewer with Cathedra in Newman's studio, 1958.

44. Barnett Newman, Broken Obelisk, 1971, Cor-Ten steel, one of four copies, Rothko Chapel, Houston

45. Barnett Newman, Broken Obelisk, MoMA, New York, 2008.

46. Mark Rothko (American b
Mark Rothko (American b. Marcus Rothkowitz, Lithuania ) (left) Self-Portrait, o/c, 32/25”, 1936; (right) Entrance to Subway [Subway Scene], o/c, "Art Must be Tragic and Timeless"

47. Surrealism and myth Mark Rothko, Omen of the Eagle, 1942
In a 1943 letter to the New York Times co-written with Barnett Newman, Rothko wrote: “It is a widely accepted notion among painters that it does not matter what one paints, as long as it is well painted. This is the essence of academicism. There is no such thing as a good painting about nothing. We assert that the subject is crucial and only that subject matter is valid which is tragic and timeless. That is why we profess a spiritual kinship with primitive and archaic art."

48. Biomorphic Surrealism and automatism "It was with the utmost reluctance that I found the figure could not serve my purposes....But a time came when none of us could use the figure without mutilating it.“ Mark Rothko, (left) Sea Fantasy, 1946; (right) Untitled, 1944/1945

49. Rothko, (left) Number 7, 1947-48; (right) No. 15 Multiform,1949

50. Mark Rothko, Untitled (Blue, Green, and Brown), 1952; West 53rd St
Mark Rothko, Untitled (Blue, Green, and Brown), 1952; West 53rd St. studio, NYC, 1952 "The people who weep before my pictures are having the same religious experience I had when I painted them."

51. Mark Rothko, No. 14, 1960, o/c, 114 x 105 in. SFMoMA

53. Rothko Chapel suite of paintings, , De Menil Collection, Houston, Texas, 1970, Chapel architect, Philip Johnson
“I wanted to paint both the finite and the infinite…. I was always looking for something more.” Mark Rothko

54. Actor Alfred Molina in the recent NYC performance of Red, about Rothko’s struggle with the ethics of accepting the Four Seasons restaurant commission for the Seagram building in He turned down the commission (having already completed the series) after having dinner in the restaurant with his wife, famously saying,“Anybody who will eat that kind of food for those kind of prices will never look at a painting of mine.”

55. David Smith (American, ) at “Terminal Iron Works, Boiler-Tube Makers and Ship-Deck.” (Brooklyn NYC), iron-welding workshop used as Smith’s studio between

56. 1939-1952: Picasso’s Guernica on view in NYC before travelling
David Smith, series of 15 bronze medals inspired by Nazi war medals he had seen in Europe. (top left) Untitled Study, 1939, pencil on paper, 11 in. (top center) Medal for Dishonor: Private Law and Order Leagues, 1939
: Picasso’s Guernica on view in NYC before travelling
to LA, SF, and every major US city

57. Exhibition Catalogue: "Medals for Dishonor by David Smith" Willard Gallery, New York, November cover and page, text and design by Smith

58. David Smith, (left) Jurassic Bird, painted steel, 1945 (right top) Specter of Profit, 1946 steel and stainless steel with (right below) Smith’s notebook sketches from the Museum of Natural History

59. (left) DavidSmith, Australia, 1951, painted steel, 6' 7 x 8'12" x 16" (on cinder block base) “drawing in space” (2-dimensionality) (right) Julio Gonzalez (Spanish, ), Woman Combing Her Hair, 1932; (below center) Picasso (Spanish, ), Head of a Woman, 1933

60. David Smith, "drawing in space“ welding, construction, assemblage process Surrealist & Action Painting automatism, spontaneity (right) Compare Picasso studio, 1912 with constructed guitar (first constructed sculpture)

61. Compare David Smith with RUSSIAN CONSTRUCTIVIST sculptors (left) Third Obmokhu (student) exhibition, Moscow, 1920 Vladimir Tatlin, Monument to the Third International, model completed in 1920
Smith, Voltri XVII, 1962
95 in. H

62. Smith, Tanktotems (series), ; (center top) Picasso, Bull’s Head, 1943; (center below) photo of boiler tank tops c.1952) – anthropomorphism, found-materials assemblage welding.
Note color

63. Note the integration of surface and Space – 2D/3D
David Smith, Zig IV, painted steel, [“Zig” references “ziggurat,” the ancient Mesopotamia structure]
Note the integration of surface and
Space – 2D/3D

64. Voltri series, 1962, 27 welded sculptures
in 30 days

65. David Smith, Cubi XVII, 1963, stainless steel (not found metal) industrially fabricated
Detail showing polished surface “gesture”

66. Smith surveying his “personages” at Bolton landing, upstate NY, Smith died 2 years later in a pickup truck crash. The “Tragic Generation”

67. David Smith, Cubi sculpture at NYC Guggenheim, 2006 exhibition