1. Educational Toolkit Module 1 Values and Awareness Basic Course Topic
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Educational Toolkit
Teaching Material
Basic Course
Module 1
Values and Awareness
Topic
1.5
Documentation of cultural heritage
Dr. Anna Lobovikov-Katz -Technion – Israel Institute of Technology

2. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Copyright
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Photographs: Courtesy of Anna Lobovikov-Katz
Dr. Anna Lobovikov-Katz -Technion – Israel Institute of Technology

3. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Abstract
Topic 1.5. Documentation of cultural heritage provides an overview of documentation and a survey of built cultural heritage which is specifically targeted to facilitate its conservation. It explains why such documentation needed, what is special about documentation for conservation purposes, and provides selected examples of the documentation of historic buildings.
Dr. Anna Lobovikov-Katz -Technion – Israel Institute of Technology

4. 1.3. Documentation of cultural heritage
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Content
Content of Topic 1.5
1.3. Documentation of cultural heritage
Aims of documentation for the conservation of cultural heritage
Role of study and documentation in the conservation of cultural heritage
The selected examples of documentation techniques and results
Dr. Anna Lobovikov-Katz -Technion – Israel Institute of Technology

5. 1.5.1. Aims of documentation for conservation of cultural heritage
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Aims of documentation for conservation
of cultural heritage
What is it?
Documentation of built heritage comprises collecting on site and processing precise data on historic buildings and sites, both in written and two-dimensional images, which involves different types and techniques of documentation and measurements, from photography and sketches to precise drawings and sophisticated advanced techniques, like photogrammetry and laser scanning.
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage

6. 1.5.1. Aims of documentation for conservation of cultural heritage
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Aims of documentation for conservation
of cultural heritage
Documentation of historic buildings and sites is not a new area of human activity. Precise drawings and images of historic buildings were created centuries ago by artists and architects.
Reasons for this were different: beauty or historic importance of the buildings could draw the attention of an artist; a series of precise images of buildings of a whole city could be ordered by a king or an emperor.
From the 18th century documentation of important buildings became common in Europe.
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage

7. Aims 1.5.1. Aims of documentation for conservation
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Aims of documentation for conservation
of cultural heritage
Aims
Documentation can serve two main purposes:
collecting and storing data on built heritage for the purposes of its study and understanding, e.g. by art and architecture historians, and by architecture students and architects;
enabling actual conservation of historic buildings and sites.
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage

8. 1.3.1. Conservation theory and practice
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Role of study and documentation
in conservation of cultural heritage
Conservation theory and practice
First, documentation was aimed mainly at collecting and storing data on built heritage for the purposes of its study and understanding
But later, with the development of conservation theory and practice, the necessity of documentation of monuments before the conservation, and of documentation of conservation steps was formulated.
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage

9. What is the difference between the two:
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Role of study and documentation
in conservation of cultural heritage
What is the difference between the two:
Documentation for collecting and storing data on built heritage for the purposes of its study and understanding
Documentation aimed at enabling actual conservation of historic buildings and sites.
AND
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage

10. Answer: 1.5.2. Role of study and documentation
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Role of study and documentation
in conservation of cultural heritage
Answer:
Documentation for collecting and storing data on built heritage for the purposes of its study and understanding:
Documentation should depict a building in order to understand its architecture, while minor deflections of its “ideal” form occurred during its construction or due to its deterioration are not important., e.g.
if some stones had fallen out of the wall, it would not be important for the study of a building’s original image.
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage

11. Answer: 1.5.2. Role of study and documentation
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Role of study and documentation
in conservation of cultural heritage
Answer:
Precise full documentation is important, including even tiny details and discrepancies which might have been caused by deterioration, or present from the original construction period, e.g. wall which is supposed to be vertical, but actually is not; later replacement of some details by identical ones, etc.
Documentation aimed at enabling actual conservation of historic buildings and sites:
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage

12. 1.3.1. Conservation theory and practice
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Role of study and documentation
in conservation of cultural heritage
Conservation theory and practice
Application of documentation
in different phases of conservation
Documentation, investigation
of a past-conservation period
Post-conservation: evaluation of conservation, prevention of deterioration, maintenance
Step by step documentation of conservation works
Conservation works
Conservation project
Documentation, investigation before conservation intervention
Study, documentation, investigation, analysis
On site
Laboratory
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage

13. 1.3.1. Conservation theory and practice
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Role of study and documentation
in conservation of cultural heritage
Conservation theory and practice
Documentation enables conservators, among other things:
To understand a historic building/site
To preserve the data on a historic building/site before restoration/ conservation
To study and analyse a historic building/site; to come with correct diagnosis of the causes of its deterioration in order to develop a suitable conservation program (project) and, finally, to undertake its conservation
To keep the data on the conservation process, in order to know precisely in the future what parts were restored, and with what materials and techniques
To evaluate the results of conservation works, and to follow up their effect over the years
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage

14. 1.5.3. Selected examples of documentation techniques and results
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Selected examples of documentation
techniques and results
Conservation theory and practice
Documentation methods and techniques
Historic images
Drawings and paintings by artists can be precise. Even several centuries ago, long before photography was used, artists used techniques (e.g. camera obscura) that helped them to produce precise images of buildings. Artistic images can provide information regarding state the of a building before it was rebuilt, destroyed or restored in the past.
The Colosseum, Rome, before the restoration of early 19th century was undertaken:
Piranesi, Courtesy of The Knights of Columbus Museum.
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage

15. 1.5.3. Selected examples of documentation techniques and results
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Selected examples of documentation
techniques and results
Documentation methods and techniques
Photographic survey
Photography can provide data regarding the shape of the building, its conservation state, and different materials used in its construction/ repair/ previous restorations. Photographic surveys can be focused on general info – general view of a building, as well as document systematically every single detail.
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage

16. 1.5.3. Selected examples of documentation techniques and results
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Selected examples of documentation
techniques and results
Documentation methods and techniques
Photographic survey
Photography can provide data regarding the shape of the building, its conservation state, and different materials used in its construction. Photographic surveys can be focused on general info – general view of a building, as well as document systematically every single detail.
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage

17. 1.5.3. Selected examples of documentation techniques and results
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Selected examples of documentation
techniques and results
Documentation methods and techniques
Photographic survey
Photographic survey
From students’ work in the course “Documentation of historic building and sites” Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning, Technion, (supervised by author)
Work by Yanai Apelbaum, Zahi Zafrani, Ronit Negrea, Daniel Koppel, Ori Roll; Boaz Barr, Ben Coen, Omer Cohen
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage

18. 1.5.3. Selected examples of documentation techniques and results
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Selected examples of documentation
techniques and results
Documentation methods and techniques
Precise drawings
Precise drawings: façade – shows a view (projection) of a wall, in accordance with a set of requirements applied in precise drawing (drafting). Students’ work in the course “Documentation of historic building and sites” Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning, Technion, (supervised by author) Work by Uri Kfir, Yael Itzkin, Na'ama Sivan, Reut Shpatz
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage

19. 1.5.3. Selected examples of documentation techniques and results
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Selected examples of documentation
techniques and results
Documentation methods and techniques
Precise drawings
Precise drawings: plan – shows a view (projection) of a floor from above, in accordance with a set of requirements applied in precise drawing (drafting).
Student’s work in the course “Documentation of historic building and sites” Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning, Technion (supervised by author) Precise drawing coordination by Anna Shiffman, Vladimir Feigin, Yulia Podolsky
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage

20. 1.5.3. Selected examples of documentation techniques and results
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Selected examples of documentation
techniques and results
Documentation methods and techniques
Mapping
The results of the documentation and measurements undertaken on a historic building/ site can be processed and combined in a graphic representation of the analysis of building materials used in a building, and its conservation state. This is called “mapping”. Students’ work in the course “Documentation of historic building and sites” Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning, Technion, (supervised by author) Work by Uri Kfir, Yael Itzkin, Na'ama Sivan, Reut Shpatz
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage

21. 1.5.3. Selected examples of documentation techniques and results
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Selected examples of documentation
techniques and results
Documentation methods and techniques
Equipment
Equipment developed for geodetic survey is widely used in conservation and varies from a simple to sophisticated. Here a simple level (leveling instrument) allows establishment of a virtual horizontal plane, to enable the surveyor to collect data about relative height, e.g. of different parts and elements of this courtyard of a “Khan” (inn) built at the end of 18th century in Acre. Are you sure the floor is horizontal? Columns are of equal height? You can check it with level. Nothing should be “assumed” by a conservation surveyor - everything should be measured and documented.
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage

22. Text 1.5.3. Selected examples of documentation techniques and results
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Selected examples of documentation
techniques and results
Documentation methods and techniques
Text
A few examples of advanced documentation techniques might be accessed on the Advanced Topics section of Module 1, e.g. regarding laser scanner:
Digital Documentation of Heritage. Queen’s University, Belfast, School of Geography, Archaeology, and Palaeoecology - funded by Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage

23. Thank you for your attention Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Thank you for your attention
© Anna Lobovikov-Katz
© Anna Lobovikov-Katz
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.