1. Thursday, December 10 Do-Now Agenda Amendments Review Homework Do-Now
Homework check
Notes & discussion on the creation of the U.S. Constitution
Homework
Prepare for tomorrow’s Constitution game
BRING YOUR BOOKS TO CLASS TOMORROW!!!

2. THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27
1. Which says that you cannot be forced to testify against yourself? _________
2. The ____ Amendment guarantees Freedom of Religion, Speech, the Press, the Right of Assembly, and the Right to Petition the Government.
5. The 3rd Amdmt says that there shall be no quartering of _________ in homes during peace.
6. The 6th Amdmt says that if you are accused of a crime, you have a right to a Trial ____ _________.
7. Which Amendment says that there shall be “No cruel and unusual punishment”? ____
8. The 10th Amendment says that rights not given to the Federal Government belong to the ___________ and the _____________.
AMENDMENTS 11-27
9. The 13th Amendment Freed the ____________.
10. The 14th Amendment gave _________________ to Freedmen (former slaves).
11. The 15th Amendment gave Freedmen the Right to __________.
12. The 16th Amendment made the ____________ ______ constitutional.
13. The 18th Amendment made _____________ illegal.
14. Which Amendment repealed the 18th Amendment? ____
15. The 22nd Amendment limits the President to _____ terms.
16. Which gave Women the Right to Vote? ____
17. Which Amendment said that there would be No Poll Tax (Tax on Voting)? ____
18. The 26th Amendment gave 18 year olds the Right to __________.
3. The 2nd Amendment guarantees the Right to ________ _______.
4. The ____ Amendment protects us from illegal search and seizure.

3. Creating the U.S. Constitution

4. Constitution & Bill of Rights Timeline Approximate Date & Event
1781 
Articles of Confederation ratified
1783 
Treaty of Paris officially ended Revolutionary War
1783
Land Ordinance of 1784, (followed 1785 and 1787) provided for the orderly settlement of territories, civil rights, and statehood process.
1787 
Shays’ Rebellion in Massachusetts;
Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia
1788 
Constitution ratified by eleventh state
1789 
First national elections; George Washington elected President
1791 
Bill of Rights adopted

5. REVIEW: What effect did Shays’ Rebellion have on the Constitution?

6. REVIEW: What main issues divided the Constitutional Convention?
ISSUE ARGUMENTS
1. Articles of - Revise or replace?
Confederation
2. Representation - By population? Equal by state?
3. Type of Gov’t - Democracy? Republic?
4. Division of power - Federalist vs. Anti-Federalist
5. Slavery - Legal? Prohibited? Census?

7. REVIEW: Virginia Plan v. New Jersey Plan
# of houses in legislature 2
bicameral 1
unicameral
How is representation determined
State population OR
financial support given to the central government
Equal representation for each state
Upper house: all states get equal representation;
Lower house: rep by state population
How are representatives chosen
Lower house: elected by pop. vote
Upper house: state legislatures nominate, then lower house votes
Elected by state legislatures
Lower house: Elected by pop. vote in states;
Upper house:
Representatives chosen by state legislatures
WINNER!

8. What was the Great (Connecticut) Compromise?
Without compromise, you have conflict!
Roger Sherman, CT
Blend of NJ and VA plans
Bi-cameral (2 chamber) legislature
Chief executive (president) will be chosen by an electoral college instead of direct election
Made possible a strong central govt
Checks and balances

9. What was gained by changing to a 3-branch system of government?
Why didn’t the Articles of Confederation include an executive or a judicial branch?
Feared strong central government / monarchy
- Solution: One branch (legislative) with limited powers
- Sovereign states connected by a “rope of sand”
What was gained by changing to a 3-branch system of government?
More power to enforce laws!
Also CHECKS & BALANCES!
Each branch has powers assigned which limit, or
check the powers of another, creating a system of balance where none can become too powerful

11. Introduction to Checks and Balances in Federal Government The concept of checking and balancing power

12. The Supreme Court Building
JUDICIAL BRANCH
The Supreme Court Building
LEGISLATIVE BRANCH
The Capitol Building
EXECUTIVE BRANCH
The White house

13. Executive Branch Checks the Legislative Branch
President can veto laws passed by the Congress
President proposes laws to Congress
President submits the Federal Budget to the House of Reps. for approval
President appoints federal officials, who carry out and enforce laws

14. Executive Branch Checks the Judicial Branch
Nominates judges to the Supreme Court
Nominates judges to the federal court system
President has the power to pardon individuals convicted of crimes
President can grant amnesty, forgiving a class of crime

15. Legislative Branch Checks on the Executive Branch
Congress can overturn a Presidential veto with a 2/3 vote of both houses
Senate can reject proposed treaties (2/3 vote to approve)
Senate can reject presidential nominations of federal officials or judges
Congress can impeach and remove the President (House serves as prosecution, Senate serves as jury)

16. Legislative Branch Checks on the Judicial Branch
Congress can create lower courts
Senate can reject nominees to the federal courts/Supreme Court
Congress can amend the Constitution to overturn decisions of the Supreme Court
Congress can impeach judges and remove from the bench

17. Judicial Branch Checks on the Executive Branch
Supreme Court can use the power of judicial review to rule laws unconstitutional
Coming Soon!!! Marbury v. Madison

18. Judicial Branch Checks on the Legislative Branch
Supreme Court can use the power of judicial review to rule presidential actions unconstitutional
Supreme Court can use the power of judicial review to rule treaties unconstitutional

20. So what’s the point!?!?
Why take all the trouble to create a complex system of “checks and balances”?

21. Did the Articles of Confederation have any success at all?
Yes!
Northwest Ordinance
An effective system for est. statehood from new territories
What caused the delegates to question their new government and even their new independence?
Disagreements over government
Anti-federalists v. Federalists
Rebellions like Shays’
Anarchy without a king!
Failures of the Articles of Confederation
Not enough federal powers over the people! ?

22. REVIEW: What was the Constitutional Convention?
Meeting in Philadelphia, Independence Hall to address problems with the A. of C.
Took <4 months to write
document in effect now for >200 yrs
What does “E Pluribus Unum” mean?
Latin for “Out of Many, One”
Purpose of a federal system of government
like the one described in the Constitution!
Many

23. The Seal of the United States

24. Why was James Madison the “Father of the Constitution”?
Quiet, educated VA man
History, government, philosophy, etc.
First to the convention
3 months early carrying “blueprint”
Est. gov’t to promote the good and restrict the bad in people
What Purpose is stated in the preamble?
Form a union to establish justice, peace, and protection
Promote the liberty and welfare of its citizens

25. The Three-Fifths Compromise
Agreements to be made…
The Great Compromise
How will the power be divided!?
The Three-Fifths Compromise
How will we determine representation!?

26. The United States Constitution
September 17, 1787 –
The convention approved the final draft
Goals set in the preamble:
We the people of the United States of America, in order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

27. The story of American FEDERALISM
REVIEW: After the failure of the Articles of Confederation delegates met at the Constitutional Convention to revise the articles. Instead they rewrote the entire government.
Needed to strengthen the national government.
This was not without debate.
Most recognized the need to strengthen the national government, but the question was how and how much?
Many feared that a strong central government would abuse it's powers as the King in England did.
Others felt the government needed to be strong in order to run the nation efficiently.
In the end they developed a balanced system called Federalism.

28. The Delegates Create a Federal Government
Federalism
1. A system of government that creates a central government and local state governments
2. The powers of the national and state governments are divided and balanced

29. How did the Federalist and Anti-Federalists differ in their opinions?
- James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay
- Favored ratification of constitution
- Wanted strong but balanced federal govt.
- Printed a series of articles in New York supporting ratification of the new Constitution that became known as the Federalist papers.
Anti-federalists
- Patrick Henry and Sam Adams, Thomas Jefferson
- Feared strong central govt.
- Supported states rights
- Proof was lack of Bill of Rights
Federalists won but had to promise a Bill of Rights would be their first order of business.

30. How the Powers are Divided
Delegated Powers
National / Federal
Reserved Powers
State
Concurrent
Powers
Shared
Declare war
Establish peace
Weights & measures
Negotiate treaties
Immigration /Naturalization
Establish Post Offices
Interstate Commerce
Schooling / Education
License professionals
Charter businesses
Marriage/Divorce laws
Regulate intrastate trade
Health and safety
Punish lawbreakers
Tax
Establish courts

31. THE U.S. CONSTITUTION
1. The Constitution was written in ________ (year).
2. There were ____ (number) delegates at the Constitutional Convention.
3. The Constitution was written in ___________ (city).
4. The _________ lists the GOALS of the Constitution.
8. Representation in the House of Representatives is based on the ___________ of the state.
9. The head of the House of Representatives is the ___________________.
10. Senators must be at least ____ years old, ____ years a U.S. Citizen, and live in the _________ from which they are elected.
11. Senators serve a ____ year term.
12. The Senate has ________ representation. (____Senators from each State.)
13. The head of the Senate is the _____________.
14. The Executive Branch ____________ laws.
15. Presidents must be > ____ years old, a ________ U.S. Citizen, and have lived in the U.S. ____ years.
16. The President serves a ____ year term, and after the 22nd Amendment, he can serve no more than ____ terms.
17. The Judicial Branch ____________ laws.
18. Judges serve for __________ (how long?).
19. Powers given to the Federal Government are called ____________ powers.
20. Powers kept for the States are called ___________ powers.
21. Powers that are shared by both the Federal & State Governments are called _______________ powers.
22. Amendments are proposed by _____________ and approved by ______________.
23. Article VI of the Constitution says the Constitution is the ______________________ (Higher than any law or person).
24. The Constitution was adopted when ____ of the 13 states approved it.
24. There have been ____ Amendments to the Constitution and the first ten amendments are called the ___________________.
5. The ______________ branch MAKES Laws.
6. Representatives must be at least ____ years old, ____ years a U.S. Citizen, and Live in the ____________ from which they are elected.
7. Representatives serve a ____ year term.