1. ISO/TC 213/WG 17 Facilitation of GPS implementation Convenor: E-mail: Mr. Kim Spence kim.spence@jcb.com Secretary: E-mail: Mr. Brian Such Brian.such@bsi-global.com Date:2006-01-15 N040 rev 4 http://www.ds.dk/isotc213 E-mail: hhk@ds.dk Prepared at 8 th meeting of ISO/TC 213/WG 17 January 2006- Charlotte, USA International organization for standardization Organisation Internationale de Normalisation Internationale Normenorganisation This header slide not intended for display

2. Technical Product Specification A real solution to real industry needs.

3. Welcome Presentation sponsored by: ISO/TC 213 – Geometrical product specification Developed by: ISO/ TC 213/ WG 17 – Facilitation of a global TPS system Facilitation of a global TPS system

4. Programme 1. The ISO Technical Committees and their roles. 2. The case for International Standardization 3. What is GPS and why the model standard ? 4. The way forward In 4 modules

5. Module 1 The ISO Technical Committees and their roles.

6. Introduction This presentation seeks to promote awareness of the second generation, GPS language currently being developed by ISO/ TC 213 ISO/ TC 213 Geometric product specifications

7. Introduction (continued) Coordination between Coordination between ISO/TC 213 and other ISO committees working in related areas, is essential. TC 1, TC 4 *TC 10, TC 10/SC 1, TC 10/SC 6 TC 69, TC 176, TC 176/SC 2, TC 176/SC 3 TC 184, TC 184/SC 4 *particular relationship with ISO/TC 10 Technical product documentation ISO/TC 10 Technical product documentation

8. ISO/TC 10 All aspects of technical product documentation All aspects of technical product documentation Coordinated and mutually consistent terminology Coordinated and mutually consistent terminology Timely standards introduction to meet the needs of new systems eg 3D CAD software development Timely standards introduction to meet the needs of new systems eg 3D CAD software development

9. ISO/TC 213 Tool box - Coordinated system facilitating the economic management of variability in products and processes Tool box - Coordinated system facilitating the economic management of variability in products and processes –Reduce costs –Effective communication (designer – manufacturer – inspector) (designer – manufacturer – inspector) –Improve "time to market" performance –Enhance product quality –Optimum allocation of resources

10. The elements of an Engineering Drawing

11. Introduction (summary) TPD + GPS = TPS

12. Synergy Mechanical Engineering worldwide, needs the joint output of these standards committees more than ever.

13. Module 2 The case for International standardization.

14. The case for International Standardization World industry/ business scenario - increasing tendency to apply: out-sourcing/sub-contracting out-sourcing/sub-contracting global manufacturing resource global manufacturing resource advanced manufacturing techniques advanced manufacturing techniques advanced metrology techniques advanced metrology techniques

15. With what objective? To provide components of increasing complexity at a commercially viable cost in an environment that demands ever improved “time to market”. To provide components of increasing complexity at a commercially viable cost in an environment that demands ever improved “time to market”.

16. Internal technical needs 1. universal language 2. precise specification Provided in a manner that improves access and application

17. Give us the tools... Technical Experts in relevant ISO Standards Committees have been busy providing the tools

18. ... and we’ll finish the job! ISO/TC 213/WG 17 experts have also been developing a tool-box (model standard) to facilitate take-up of the standards, simplify identification of the appropriate tool ISO/TC 213/WG 17 experts have also been developing a tool-box (model standard) to facilitate take-up of the standards, simplify identification of the appropriate tool

19. Application levels Recent enquiry has shown that, Recent enquiry has shown that, worldwide, the level of application is only a fraction of what it should be

20. Drivers »Increasing use of outsourcing »Increasing use of automated production »Growing reliance on analysis of the virtual product »Ongoing need for manufacturing cost reduction »Increasing expectation of shorter time to market »Modern metrology makes targeted specification possible

21. Major market players ( e.g. National Defence Authorities ) in many parts of the world are seeking to enhance specification effectiveness Drivers!

22. Application requires investment and planning For training and retraining For training and retraining For implementation For implementation For system change For system change To varying degrees dependent upon starting level

23. The financial case But why make such an investment?

24. The arguments Potential to reduce scrap and rework costs Potential to reduce scrap and rework costs Potential to reduce time delays - caused by poor communication Potential to reduce time delays - caused by poor communication Potential to reduce quality incidents Potential to reduce quality incidents –risk of disputes with and to lose customers –reduce liability costs

25. Huge application potential Huge application potential Global expenditure on mechanical engineering activity 2003 survey result: $14 trillion* ( including $25 billion devoted to measurement activities )

26. Investment opportunity Global manufacturing sector expected to be stable for at least the next ten years

27. Global problem Specification inadequacy is the Achilles heel for many of today’s technologically advanced companies. Tighter tolerances can often prove phenomenally expensive to apply

28. Newly developed functional tolerancing (GPS), has the potential to reduce tooling, set-up and manufacturing costs significantly and will deliver improved “time to market” through appropriate application of a comprehensive technical product specification system Global solution

29. Module 3 What is GPS and why the Model Standard?

30. An integrated system for product specification founded on the principles and practices of dimensioning and tolerancing on a geometrical basis. A real solution to real industry needs

31. and Geometrical Product Specification? Born out of the need to improve communication between: Born out of the need to improve communication between: »designers »manufacturers »metrologists –by means of a common language with common understanding Developed through participation by a significant number of the worlds industrial nations, under the headline of ISO/TC 213

32. Function Design brief Basic (GPS) Framework Specification (drawing) Designer Manufacturing Production Engineer Real workpiece Inspection Metrologist Inspection output

33. Permits targeted application Addresses everything from basic drawing rules and formats to improved surface definition techniques Addresses everything from basic drawing rules and formats to improved surface definition techniques Use of any particular cross referenced standard, applicable where relevant to the content of the TPS Use of any particular cross referenced standard, applicable where relevant to the content of the TPS

34. So how can the implementation of the model standard (toolbox) assist in improving the situation?

35. The objective for the Model Standard for TPS (toolbox) To encourage and facilitate the –implementation of the entire suite of TPS standards by National Standards Bodies. –integration of the TPS standards into industry.

36. The model standard Provides a Comprehensive catalogue and route map to ISO standards in TPS field. –Reflects the relevant aspects of the design definition process –Links the related standards to process stages –Identifies »Normative elements »Informative elements

37. Provides: cross reference to 100 ISO standards cross reference to 100 ISO standards traceability between relevant ISO standards from main text and/or standard number traceability between relevant ISO standards from main text and/or standard number a unified system requiring complete application across industry a unified system requiring complete application across industry a format that facilitates electronic presentation by National Standards Bodies either in CD ROM or On-Line (with relevant standards hyperlinked from main text) a format that facilitates electronic presentation by National Standards Bodies either in CD ROM or On-Line (with relevant standards hyperlinked from main text) The model standard (continued)

38. Provides comprehensive, dynamic coverage applicable to all presentation formats applicable to all presentation formats e.g. 2D and 3D e.g. 2D and 3D focus on application of dimensioning and tolerancing of Size, Geometry and Surface Texture focus on application of dimensioning and tolerancing of Size, Geometry and Surface Texture also includes suggestion for document security and electronic document management also includes suggestion for document security and electronic document management Clarifies the GPS principles Clarifies the GPS principles The model standard (continued)

39. The Fundamental Principles UnderpinningTPS ISO 17450

40. The fundamental principles The operator principle An operator defines a characteristic based upon operations. An operator defines a characteristic based upon operations. –Specification operators are formulated as virtual measuring procedures. –Verification operators define the sequence of operations used during the measuring process.

41. The fundamental principles (continued) OPERATION −Partition −Extraction −Filtration −Association −Collection −Construction OPERATION −Physical partition −Physical extraction −Filtration −Association −Collection −Construction Difference contributes to uncertainty SKIN MODEL Geometrical representation (infinite set of points) REAL SURFACE Set of feature which physically exists MEASURED VALUE Characteristics evaluation MEASURAND Characteristics specification Comparison for conformance SPECIFICATION OPERATOR VERIFICATION OPERATOR The duality principle

42. The default principle A complete specification operator can be indicated by the most concise indication for the relevant geometrical characteristic. This basic geometrical specification constitutes the default definition of the specification operator which may not be visible in the TPD (see TS 17450 - 2). A complete specification operator can be indicated by the most concise indication for the relevant geometrical characteristic. This basic geometrical specification constitutes the default definition of the specification operator which may not be visible in the TPD (see TS 17450 - 2). The fundamental principles (continued)

43. The reference condition principle If not otherwise indicated in the TPD, the reference temperature for the characteristics given in that TPD is 20 o C (see ISO 1). If not otherwise indicated in the TPD, the reference temperature for the characteristics given in that TPD is 20 o C (see ISO 1). The fundamental principles (continued)

44. The uncertainty principle Within this TPS system, three prime categories of uncertainty are defined (TS 17450-2) Within this TPS system, three prime categories of uncertainty are defined (TS 17450-2) –Correlation uncertainty (attributed to the designer) (attributed to the designer) –Specification uncertainty (attributed to the designer) (attributed to the designer) –Measurement uncertainty (attributed to the metrologist) (attributed to the metrologist) The fundamental principles (continued)

45. Where no prior agreement as to the application of uncertainty exists, between two (or more) parties where conformance with a specification is to be proven, measurement uncertainty (U) reduces the specification to the conformance zone at both tolerance limits and shall always be applied in the interest of the customer purchasing the part. where conformance with a specification is to be proven, measurement uncertainty (U) reduces the specification to the conformance zone at both tolerance limits and shall always be applied in the interest of the customer purchasing the part. where non-conformance with a specification is to be proven, measurement uncertainty (U) expands the tolerance at both tolerance limits. Uncertainty of measurement shall always be applied in the interest of manufacturer/ seller of the part. where non-conformance with a specification is to be proven, measurement uncertainty (U) expands the tolerance at both tolerance limits. Uncertainty of measurement shall always be applied in the interest of manufacturer/ seller of the part. The fundamental principles (continued)

46. If you want the benefits make the investment Purchase the standard Purchase the standard Invest in the training Invest in the training Apply the system Apply the system Reap the rewards

47. Module 4 The way forward

48. To get the most out of the implemented model standard, it is necessary that it be applied. To do this companies will need: A corporate training programme to assist practical application A corporate training programme to assist practical application Personal training focussed on company products and existing specification problems Personal training focussed on company products and existing specification problems Some form of mentoring to ensure application remains to the requirements of the standard Some form of mentoring to ensure application remains to the requirements of the standard It is obvious that possession of the standards is not enough

49. Investigate national/company needs in this area, in the light of the points made in this presentation. Investigate national/company needs in this area, in the light of the points made in this presentation. Encourage NSB and industry representative groups to adopt GPS/TPD concepts through the development of a National Standard based on ISO TRXXXX. Encourage NSB and industry representative groups to adopt GPS/TPD concepts through the development of a National Standard based on ISO TRXXXX. Implement programme of national/company adoption. Implement programme of national/company adoption. Promote and encourage national participation in the ongoing programmes of work in ISO/TC 10 and TC 213. Promote and encourage national participation in the ongoing programmes of work in ISO/TC 10 and TC 213. How could this be achieved?

50. Stimulate National Discussion

51. Establish The current level of awareness of the Technical Specification problems actually being experienced in industry, at the present time. The current level of awareness of the Technical Specification problems actually being experienced in industry, at the present time. Level of industry recognition of the benefits that could accrue from the development / implementation of a national applications standard, embodying the 100 ISO standards. Level of industry recognition of the benefits that could accrue from the development / implementation of a national applications standard, embodying the 100 ISO standards. Understanding of the advantages that could result from (virtually) simultaneous implementation by the widest possible cross-section of standards bodies around the world. Understanding of the advantages that could result from (virtually) simultaneous implementation by the widest possible cross-section of standards bodies around the world.

52. Review education / training requirements : Adequate training resource not readily available – need to plan and source Adequate training resource not readily available – need to plan and source Consider the risk of doing nothing Consider the risk of doing nothing Recognise that this will not be a quick-fix Recognise that this will not be a quick-fix Necessary to work towards the medium term Necessary to work towards the medium termtherefore Essential to start an introduction process immediately Essential to start an introduction process immediately

53. There is reason to believe that Industry/ business is becoming aware that it has a problem in this area, even if it doesn’t fully recognise the nature of the problem There is reason to believe that Industry/ business is becoming aware that it has a problem in this area, even if it doesn’t fully recognise the nature of the problem There is an increase in the number of companies seeking training, especially in the TPS area There is an increase in the number of companies seeking training, especially in the TPS area Where such schemes have been introduced, there is evidence of rapid growth in participation Where such schemes have been introduced, there is evidence of rapid growth in participation Will industry support an implementation scheme?

54. Many companies claim to work to standards, but are rarely challenged to substantiate the claim. Many companies claim to work to standards, but are rarely challenged to substantiate the claim. The concept of an accreditation / certification programme could be appropriate in the long term. The concept of an accreditation / certification programme could be appropriate in the long term. Beyond training: recognition of TPS competence

55. Closing Point

56. Standards adoption Implementing of the model standard as National Standards by National Standards Bodies and their full adoption by industry world wide will facilitate the sharing of a uniform understanding of the design intent of products, between specifiers and verifiers (component suppliers, sub-contractors and customers) around the world.

57. Thank you for your attention

58. Note: Not intended as part of the presentation. It is recommended that for audiences constituted primarily of technically oriented individuals (practising designers, engineers, metrologists), additional modules presenting information about the detailed technical aspects of the current TPS standardization programme, should be added. Information providing example of appropriate content for such modules can be obtained on request to ISO/TC 213.