1. The River, the Levies, and the Future of New Orleans Ken Tabbutt April 14, 2006 Reconstructing New Orleans: Class, Race and the Ownership Society

2. Natural Earth Cycles

3. James Hutton (1726 – 1797) “The Present is the Key to the Past” National Galleries of Scotland

4. Natural Geologic (and Atmospheric) Processes Earthquakes Tsunami Volcanic Eruptions Floods Hurricanes Sedimentation Subsidence and Uplift Meteorite Impacts Climate Change Shake Map of Nisqually Earthquake 2/01

5. Flood Events (Rivers) United States Geologic Survey

6. Hydrograph Mississippi River, Baton Rouge United States Geologic Survey

7. Discharge Rating Curve Fetter, C. W., 1994, Applied Hydrogeology: Prentice Hall.

8. Hydrograph Mississippi River, Baton Rouge United States Geologic Survey

9. Discharge Exceedance Probability

10. Flooding

11. Natural Disasters or Hazards

12. River Flooding Hazard

13. Lower Mississippi River Cairo, Illinois - Mouth

14. New Orleans

15. Natural (and unnatural) Processes Subsidence Flooding Hurricanes Sea Level Rise Image obtained from NASA

16. Natural (and unnatural) Processes Subsidence Flooding Hurricanes Sea Level Rise Image obtained from NASA

17. Subsidence Natural gradual subsidence of the Gulf Coast Basin and the Mississippi delta sediments (compaction and tectonic) Resource extraction (gas and oil) Lack of sediment supply

19. Natural (and unnatural) Processes Subsidence Flooding Hurricanes Sea Level Rise Image obtained from NASA

20. Flooding

21. New Orleans Levees

23. Natural (and unnatural) Processes Subsidence Flooding Hurricanes Sea Level Rise Image obtained from NASA

24. Hurricane Katrina

25. Natural (and unnatural) Processes Subsidence Flooding Hurricanes Sea Level Rise Image obtained from NASA

26. Sea Level Rise

27. Sea Water Temperature

28. Mitigation New Orleans, Louisiana FEMA floodmap

29. Mitigation Engineered Solutions Flood Control Channelization Floodproofing Social Solutions Remove Structures Zoning Warning Systems Flood Insurance (spread the cost)

30. Society must understand the spatial and temporal impact of these processes in order to avoid potential hazards. We must weigh the long-term costs associated with these natural cycles. We must understand how anthropogenic practices can change the spatial and temporal nature of these cycles. We must understand they are dynamic systems.