1. 1st Six Weeks CBA Review
World Geography

2. Geography is…
The study of the distribution and interaction of physical and human features on the earth.

3. 5 Themes of Geography Location (#1 Theme) “Where is it?”
Relative Location
Around the corner, take a left
I live next to the Kroger on 518.
Absolute Location
Coordinates – 29° 59' N, 95° 22' W
1324 Illinois Street
Latitude – run parallel to the equator
Longitude – go around the earth over the poles

4. The grid system
Latitude – run parallel to the equator, measure distances north and south, called parallels
Longitude – go around the earth over the poles, measure distances east and west, 24 imaginary lines X 15° apart = 360°, called meridians

5. Place (#2 Theme) “What is it like?”
All the physical and cultural characteristics of a place

6. Region “How are places similar or different?” Formal Functional
Perceptual

7. Human Environment Interaction
“How do people relate to the physical world?”
Learn to use what the environment offers
Change the environment to meet our needs

8. Movement
“How do people, goods, and ideas move from one location to another?”
Linear distance
Time distance
– instantaneous

9. Geographer’s Tools Globe – 3-D representation of earth
Map – 2-D representation of earth
Political map
Defines borders
Human-created features
Physical map
Shows landforms/bodies of water
Nature-created features

10. Relief
The difference in elevation of a landform from its lowest point to its highest point
Mountains
Hills
Plains
Plateaus
As elevation increases, temperatures decrease

11. Contour Lines Lines on a map that show elevation above sea level

12. Topography The physical features of the earth’s surface
Topographic map with
Contour lines

13. Structure of the Earth
Atmosphere – layer of gases surrounding the earth
Hydrosphere – all the water elements on the earth
Lithosphere – solid rock portion of the earth’s surface including crust and uppermost mantle
Biosphere – atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere combine to create habitat where animals and plants live

14. Ocean Currents Ocean currents help determine
Temperatures in a climate
Precipitation in a climate
Ocean currents are caused by
Rotation of the earth
Wind/air currents
Differences in water temperature

15. Pangaea – the Supercontinent

16. Tectonic Plates

17. Pacific Ring of Fire – about 80% of all earthquakes happen HERE

18. Plate Movement Type What it means Example
Divergent
Plates move apart, spread horizontally
Between Saudi Arabia and Egypt
Convergent -
subduction
Plates bump, one moves under the other
Coast of South America
Convergent –
collision
Plates collide, crumble and build
Himalayas - mountain range connecting India to Asia
Transform
Plates slide past each other
San Andreas Fault in Calif.

19. Landforms

20. Precipitation Type What it does Where it occurs Frontal
2 air masses of different temps or density meet
Middle latitudes
Orographic
Falls on the windward side of hills or mountains, bypasses leeward side
Mountain ranges or large hills
Convectional
Sun heats air, hot air rises, afternoon clouds form, rain falls
Tropical hot, moist climates

22. Typhoons Extreme weather Happen in Asia Equal to American hurricanes

23. Seasons Season Day Associated with features Winter Winter Solstice
Seasons are caused by the way Earth is tilted and how it revolves around the sun. Seasons are opposite in the northern and southern hemispheres.
Season
Day Associated with
features
Winter
Winter Solstice
Shortest day
Spring
Vernal Equinox
Days/nights =
Summer
Summer Solstice
Longest day
Fall (Autumn)
Autumnal Equinox

24. Southern Hemisphere
While the northern hemisphere celebrates summer, it is winter in the southern hemisphere.
In December (summer at the South Pole) in Antarctica, the days are very long.
It is still very cold, despite the long hours of sunlight.

25. Continents