1. 1 Yipsir

2. 2 Difference between Fear and Anxiety 1. Fear –actual appraisal of danger or peril 2. Anxiety –resulting emotional state of tension and distress

3. 3 Common kinds of Anxiety 1. Work anxiety 2. Test anxiety 3. Social anxiety 4. Audience anxiety

4. 4 Some reasons underlying anxiety 1. Perfectionism 2. Excessive need for approval 3. Excessive need for control 4. Ignoring physical and psychological symptoms

5. 5 Hierarchy of Self-esteem (self worth) Being Achievement Recognition

6. 6 Expectation & Self Esteem StudentGoalMeansOutcomeEsteem 1.Aeffort↑A 2.Aeffort↑C 3.Aeffort↓A 4.Effort↑effort↑C 5.AcheatingA

7. 7 Expectation & Self Esteem StudentGoalMeansOutcomeEsteem 1.Aeffort↑A ↑ 2.Aeffort↑C 3.Aeffort↓A 4.Effort↑effort↑C 5.AcheatingA

8. 8 Expectation & Self Esteem StudentGoalMeansOutcomeEsteem 1.Aeffort↑A ↑ 2.Aeffort↑C ↓ 3.Aeffort↓A 4.Effort↑effort↑C 5.AcheatingA

9. 9 Expectation & Self Esteem StudentGoalMeansOutcomeEsteem 1.Aeffort↑A ↑ 2.Aeffort↑C ↓ 3.Aeffort↓A ↑ 4.Effort↑effort↑C 5.AcheatingA

10. 10 Expectation & Self Esteem StudentGoalMeansOutcomeEsteem 1.Aeffort↑A ↑ 2.Aeffort↑C ↓ 3.Aeffort↓A ↑ 4.Effort↑effort↑C ↑ 5.AcheatingA

11. 11 Performance oriented vs mastery oriented StudentGoalMeansOutcomeEsteem 1.Aeffort↑A ↑ 2.Aeffort↑C ↓ 3.Aeffort↓A ↑ 4.Effort↑effort↑C ↑ 5.AcheatingA ↑

12. 12 Cope with anxiety 1. Self-relaxation 2. Systematic desensitization 3. Flooding & implosion 4. Stimulus control 5. Thought-stopping 6. Keeping a record (emotional diary)

13. 13 Self-relaxation 1. Pay attention to your body –Deep breathing –Muscle expansion and contraction – 自律鬆弛

14. 14 Systematic desensitization (Events preceding doing a term paper) Event (in order of difficulty) Individual Anxiety Rating (0-100) 1.A month before working10 2.2 weeks before working40 3. Brainstorming the ideas of the essay 50 4.Library search60 5.Reading the references70 6.Mind-mapping the contents80 7.Writing the essay90

15. 15 Methods of S.D. 1. Keep the event in mind and relax yourself until your anxiety closes to 0. 2. Move on to the next event on your list and repeat the process. Mental vs behavioral desensitization

16. 16 Flooding and Implosion 1. Flooding –physically force yourself to confront tasks, people and places you previously avoided –DON ’ T ESCAPE –will discover that they aren ’ t so terrifying 2. Implosion –mentally force yourself to confront tasks …. –will discover that they aren ’ t so terrifying

17. 17 Cognitive restructuring Anxiety provoking events Negative thoughtsRevised thoughts Taking an exam I ’ m going to fail. My life is ruined At a job interview The interviewer doesn ’ t like me. They ’ ll never hire me. This is too hard. It ’ s not fair. Giving a speech That person looks bored. He doesn ’ t like me. I ’ m not relaxed. I ’ m a failure as a speaker

18. 18 The End