1. History of Programming Languages

2. History of Programming Languages
Punch cards
Jacquard looms 1801?
Analytical engine (Charles Babbage and Ada Byron Lovelace)
US Census data (Herman Hollerith)
Hand-coded machine language programs
Assembly language programs
mov ds,ax
Modern programming languages
This portrait of Jacquard 
was woven in silk on a Jacquard
loom and required 24,000
punched cards to create (1839)

3. Charles Babbage’s Analytic Engine 1834
Earliest known computer
Never fully built
Operations and variables on separate punch cards
Conditional jumps accomplished mechanically by physically jumping over a band of cards
Babbage first computer scientist. Lady Ada Byron first computer programmer.

4. Herman Hollerith Tabulator
Punch cards reader
Designed to tabulate census data in 1890
Reduced census from 7 years to 3 years for 63 M people

5. Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer 1946
ENIAC was first general purpose digital computer
Occupied about 1,800 square feet and used about 18,000 vacuum tubes, weighing almost 50 tons
One thousand times faster than electro-mechanical machines

6. Programming Language Generations
Late 1940’s
Binary Code
Native computer language
Consists only of 0s and 1s
0’s = off
1’s = on
Difficult for humans to read, write, and debug
Fast and efficient, executed directly on the CPU

7. Programming Language Generations
How to code “Hello World” in Binary
= Hello
= Space
= World

8. Programming Language Generations
Early 1950’s
Assembly languages
Simple mnemonic instructions <opcode> <operands>
Assembler translates into machine code
Specific to each type of processor, not portable

9. Programming Language Generations
Code for adding two numbers in Assembly Language
.model small
.data
opr1 dw 1234h
opr2 dw 0002h
result dw 01 dup(?),'$'
.code
mov
mov ds,ax
mov ax,opr1
mov bx,opr2
clc
add ax,bx
mov di,offset result
mov [di], ax
mov ah,09h
mov dx,offset result
int 21h
mov ah,4ch
end

10. Programming Language Generations
Mid 1950’s - Present
High level, general-purpose
FORTRAN1950’s), LISP(1958), COBOL(1959), ALGOL, Basic (1964), Ada, C(1972)
Easier for humans to read, write, debug
Portable – can be run on two or more kinds of processors
High level languages are handle in two ways
Compiler translates into machine code before running
Interpreter translates into machine code at runtime

11. Programming Language Generations
Fortran
Among the earliest programming languages
Well-suited for mathematical calculations
Today used in some of the most demanding supercomputing tasks
Weather and climate modeling
LISP
Created as a practical mathematical notation for computers
Link lists are one of Lisp language's major data structures
Favored programming language for artificial intelligence (AI) research
COBOL
Popular for business data-processing on larger computers
Designed for use by Banks, utility companies, manufactures, government agencies and other big companies.
Pascal
Named after mathematician, Blaise Pascal
Put into practice structured programming – easier to read, write, debug
Easy to learn and often used in beginning programming classes

12. Programming Language Generations
Mid 1960’s - present
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
Simula(1960’s),Smalltalk(1970’s), C++(1980’s), C#, Eiffel, Java (1990’s), Objective-C, C#, Pearl, Python, Ruby, PHP
Using Objects allowing programmers to write code independent of specific application.
Designing modules of reusable software systems
Objects contain both data and functions
Easily used across multiple systems

13. Programming Language Generations
Specific Languages (1970’s – present)
Query languages, report generators, systems engineering
Maple, Mathematica, Postscript, SPSS, SQL
Logic programming languages(1980s - ):
Solve problems using constraints rather than algorithms, used in Artificial Intelligence
Prolog -  natural language processing

14. Programming Language Generations
World Wide Web (1990 – present)
Internet languages allow everyday people to access information stored on the web
HTML, JavaScript, PHP, Java, ASP, ASP.Net
HTML (Hyper Markup Language) is a basic language for building web pages
JavaScript (1995) – Allows web pages to be interactive
PHP is a general pupose language designed to produce dynamic Web pages.

15. A family tree of languages
Some of the programming languages
Fortran
BASIC
Cobol
LISP
Scheme ML
Prolog
PL/1
Algol 60
Algol 68
Pascal
Modula 3
Ada C
C++
Simula
Smalltalk
Java
Dylan
Ruby
Perl
Python C#

16. Programming Language industry uses

17. 3.a Create a list of 10 popular programming languages in use today.
Industry
Why is it used?
Java
Most
Widely used in industry C
All
Very widely used
C++
Widely used in operating systems,  desktop apps, developing games, hardware drivers and much else. C#
Many
Microsoft developed and in high demand
Objective-C
Software
Core of both of Apple's operating systems
PHP
Web
Server-side scripting language runs on more than 20 million websites
Python
Science,Business Entertainment
General purpose programming language
ASP.NET
Microsoft server side Web development
Perl
Web,Business,
Science
Dynamic programming language with may uses
Javascript
Make web pages interactive
HTML
Primary language for internet
SQL
Database
Accessing structured databases

18. Sources
Wikipedia