1. MLA Style
Ms. Croney

2. MLA Style MLA (Modern Language Association)
style most commonly used to write papers and cite sources within the liberal arts and humanities.

3. Why do we use MLA? Avoid plagiarism Increase credibility
Formalize papers

4. Plagiarism
Unknowingly or knowingly using someone else’s intellectual property as your own.
Don't Steal

5. Two Types of Citation Parenthetical Works Cited
Information set off by parenthesis
Located at the end of the essay
Provides more detailed information of parenthetical information

6. General Guidelines: Paper Format
Typed
White 8.5x11 inch paper
Double-space
Legible font (e.g. Times New Roman)
12 pt. font
One space after punctuation marks
One inch margins
Indent the first line of paragraphs half-inch from the left margin (Tab key)

7. General Guidelines: Paper Format
Create header that numbers all pages
Upper right-hand corner
Use italics for the titles of longer works
Use sparingly when showing emphasis

8. First Page of Paper NO title page Upper left-hand corner of paper
Your name
Teacher’s name
Name of class
Date

10. In-Text Citation
Place relevant source information in parentheses after a quote or a paraphrase.
ALL info in the in-text citation MUST also be on the Works Cited page.

11. In-Text Citation: Books
Author-Page
Author’s last name and the page number(s) from which the quotation or paraphrase is taken
Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (263).

12. In-Text Citation: Books
Romantic poetry is characterized by the "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (Wordsworth 263).
Wordsworth extensively explored the role of emotion in the creative process (263).
(263). Let’s people know that that the information your mentioned can be found on page 263 of the book in which you gathered your information.

13. In-Text Citation: Other Print Sources
Magazine & Journal
Unknown Author
Provide a signal word or phrase & page number
If you provide signal word/phrase in sentence no parenthetical necessary
Use a shortened title of the work
Quotation marks if it's a short work (e.g. articles)
Italicize it if it's a longer work (e.g. plays, books, television shows, entire websites)
Page number

14. Unknown Author Example
We see so many global warming hotspots in North America likely because this region has “more readily accessible climatic data and more comprehensive programs to monitor and study environmental change ” (“Impact of Global Warming” 6).

15. Authors with same last name
provide both authors' first initials in your citation

16. Authors with Same Name Example
Although some medical ethicists claim that cloning will lead to designer children (R. Miller 12), others note that the advantages for medical research outweigh this consideration (A. Miller 46).

17. Multiple Authors Three or fewer authors More than three authors
List the authors' last names in the text or in the parenthetical citation
More than three authors
first author's last name followed by et al.

18. Multiple Authors Examples
Smith, Yang, and Moore argue that tougher gun control is not needed in the United States (76).
The authors state "Tighter gun control in the United States erodes Second Amendment rights" (Smith, Yang, and Moore 76).

19. Multiple Authors cont.
Jones et al. counter Smith, Yang, and Moore's argument by noting that the current spike in gun violence in America compels law makers to adjust gun laws (4).
Legal experts counter Smith, Yang, and Moore's argument by noting that the current spike in gun violence in America compels law makers to adjust gun laws (Jones et al. 4).

20. Non-Print Citations
Internet
Artwork
Music
Film

21. Selecting the Right Internet Source
.edu
.org
.net
.com
No Wikipedia
Internet Detective

22. In-Text Citation of Non-Print Material
Citation must be referenced on your Works Cited page
You don’t need page numbers or paragraph numbers
Only include partial URLs (i.e. CNN.com or Forbes.com NOT or

23. So, you want to quote someone.

24. Incorporating Short Quotations
Quotations should take up no more than 4 lines of prose and 3 lines of verse (a song or poem or scripture)
Punctuation after the parenthetical citation

25. Quotation Examples
According to some, dreams express "profound aspects of personality" (Foulkes 184), though others disagree.
According to Foulkes's study, dreams may express "profound aspects of personality" (184).
Is it possible that dreams may express "profound aspects of personality" (Foulkes 184)?

26. Incorporating Long Quotations
Place quotations in a free-standing block of text and omit quotation marks
entire quote indented one inch from the left margin
maintain double-spacing

27. Long Quotation Example
In his poem "My Papa's Waltz," Theodore Roethke explores his childhood with his father:
The whiskey on your breath Could make a small boy dizzy; But I hung on like death: Such waltzing was not easy. We Romped until the pans Slid from the kitchen shelf; My mother's countenance Could not unfrown itself. (quoted in Shrodes, Finestone, Shugrue 202)

28. Adding and Omitting Words in a Quotation
When adding use brackets [ ]
Jan Harold Brunvand, in an essay on urban legends, states: "some individuals [who retell urban legends] make a point of learning every rumor or tale" (78).

29. Adding and Omitting Words in a Quotation
When omitting use ellipsis (…)
In an essay on urban legends, Jan Harold Brunvand notes that "some individuals make a point of learning every recent rumor or tale and in a short time a lively exchange of details occurs" (78).

30. Works Cited Page

31. Works Cited Basics Is the very last page of essay
Page is titled at the top as Works Cited
Has same margins as the rest of the page
Double spaced
2nd line of each citation is indented
Entries are listed alphabetically by the author's last name

32. Works Cited: Print Material
Burke, Kenneth. Language as Symbolic Action: Essays on Life, Literature, and Method. Berkeley: U of California P, 1966.
Henley, Patricia. The Hummingbird House. Denver: MacMurray, Print.
Wordsworth, William. Lyrical Ballads. London: Oxford U.P., 1967.
“The Impact of Global Warming in North America.” GLOBAL WARMING: Early Signs Web. 23 Mar
book
Journal/Mag.
Unknown Author

33. Other Non-Print examples for Works Cited
Film
Internet
Herzog, Werner, dir. Fitzcarraldo. Perf. Klaus Kinski. Filmverlag der Autoren, Film.
Aristotle. Poetics. Trans. S. H. Butcher. The Internet Classics Archive. Web Atomic and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 13 Sept Web. 4 Nov ‹

34. Basic Rules for Internet Citing
Author and/or editor names (if available)
Article name in quotation marks (if applicable)
Title of the Website, project, or book in italics. (Remember that some Print publications have Web publications with slightly different names. They may, for example, include the additional information or otherwise modified information, like domain names [e.g. .com or .net].)

35. Basic Rules for Internet Citing continued
Any version numbers available, including revisions, posting dates, volumes, or issue numbers.
Publisher information, including the publisher name and publishing date.
Take note of any page numbers (if available).
Date you accessed the material.
URL (if required, or for your own personal reference).

36. Works Cited
The Purdue OWL. Purdue U Writing Lab, Web. 03/07/2011.