2. A Map of the Known World, pre- 1492

3. Motives for European Exploration 1.Crusades  by-pass intermediaries to get to Asia. 2.Renaissance  curiosity about other lands and peoples. 3.Reformation  God’s missionaries. 4.Gold  Monarchs seeking new sources of revenue. 5.Glory -> Fame and fortune. 6.Technological advances.

4. New Maritime Technologies Hartman Astrolabe (1532) Better Maps [Portulan] Sextant Mariner’s Compass

5. New Weapons Technology

6. Prince Henry, the Navigator School for Navigation, 1419

7. Portuguese Maritime Empire 1.Exploring the west coast of Africa. 2.Bartolomeo Dias, 1487. 3.Vasco da Gama, 1498. Calicut.

8. Christofo Colon [1451-1506]

9. Other Voyages of Exploration

10. Ferdinand Magellan & the First Circumnavigation of the World: Early 16 c

11. Atlantic Explorations Looking for “El Dorado”

12. Fernando Cortez The First Spanish Conquests: The Aztecs Montezuma II vs.vs.

13. Mexico Surrenders to Cortez

14. Francisco Pizarro The First Spanish Conquests: The Incas Atahualpa vs.

15. Slaves Working in a Brazilian Sugar Mill

17. The “Columbian Exchange”  Squash  Avocado  Peppers  Sweet Potatoes  Turkey  Pumpkin  Tobacco  Syphilis  Chocolate  Pineapple  Cassava  POTATO  Peanut  TOMATO  Vanilla  MAIZE  Olive  COFFEE BEAN  Banana  Rice  Onion  Turnip  Honeybee  Barley  Grape  Peach  SUGAR CANE  Oats  Citrus Fruits  Pear  Wheat  HORSE  Cattle  Sheep  Pigs  Smallpox  Flu  Typhus  Measles  Malaria  Diptheria  Whooping Cough  Trinkets  Liquor  GUNS

18. Cycle of Conquest & Colonization Explorers Conquistadores Missionaries Permanent Settlers Official European Colony!

19. Treasures from the Americas!

20. European Empires in the Americas

21. Administration of the Spanish Empire in the New World 1.Encomienda or forced labor. 2.Council of the Indies. Viceroy. New Spain and Peru. 3.Papal agreement.

22. The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 & The Pope’s Line of Demarcation

23. New Colonial Rivals

24. Impact of European Expansion 1.Native populations ravaged by disease. 2.Influx of gold, and especially silver, into Europe created an inflationary economic climate. [“Price Revolution”] 3.New products introduced across the continents [“Columbian Exchange”]. 4.Deepened colonial rivalries.