1. Joshua Dubrow school

2. As with all things, the audience expects things from the presenter. The presenter is judged on how well they perform to expectations. A good presenter knows when to “break the rules,” but this can only be attempted in extreme circumstances and with a lot of experience, i.e. knowing the rules before they can be broken. Social scientists are not formally trained in presentations. There are, unfortunately, more bad presenters than good ones. Why? Because scholars are trained to work without an audience; they are trained to read and write, but not to go in front of a lot of strangers and talk intelligibly about their ideas. Some scholars are good entertainers. Most are not. There is no shame in not being a born entertainer. The most important thing is that the scholar does not “fake it,” i.e. be somebody that they are not. Good presenters present their personality, their style. Presentations are a limited way to present research. Do not pretend that you can present all the nuances of a 20 page paper in a 20 minute presentation. Think of presentations as short documentaries, not long form movies. They should tell a short, focused story that is simple and engaging. Present just enough to communicate the main story, to get good feedback from the audience, and to have them wanting to know more about your research. Remember: The audience in front of you is the audience for your presentation. Construct the whole presentation around that audience. The scholar’s job is to effectively communicate their research to strangers. There are many bad ways to do this, but there are also many good ways to do this. INSERT NONSENSICAL, IRRELEVANT AND ONLY SLIGHTLY HUMOROUS PICTURE HERE

3. Never use background slides such as these for they are very difficult to read.

4. Country Political Participation (%) Ratio of High to Low SES QuintilesIndex of Dissimilarity Weighted Index of DissimilarityPolitical Participation: EIU Belgium48,751,960,100,216,11 Croatia33,423,390,160,476,11 Czech Republic31,422,100,090,286,67 Denmark62,611,850,080,138,89 Estonia23,243,000,150,645,0 Finland66,381,560,060,097,78 France56,011,870,090,166,67 Germany58,492,020,110,187,78 Greece25,582,730,140,566,67 Hungary19,043,680,170,905,56 Israel18,882,430,150,778,33 Latvia22,733,000,160,706,11 Netherlands46,012,230,110,259,44 Norway68,371,330,040,0610,0 Poland18,105,110,261,466,11 Portugal14,457,380,291,995,56 Romania17,572,320,110,646,11 Russian Federation16,961,940,100,595,56 Slovenia21,623,720,170,806,67 Spain33,002,670,140,416,67 Sweden69,731,360,050,0710,0 Switzerland53,491,710,100,197,78 Turkey12,966,380,261,984,44 Ukraine17,990,870,060,365,56 United Kingdom52,721,900,100,195,0

6. What Is Political Inequality? Joshua Kjerulf Dubrow Polish Academy of Sciences Cross-National Studies: Interdisciplinary Research and Training program (CONSIRT) consirt.osu.edu and Committee on Political Sociology: Working Group on Political Inequality (WG POLINQ) politicalinequality.org

7. A definition of political inequality: Unequal influence over decisions made by political bodies and the unequal outcomes of those decisions. There are more possible definitions.

8. Thomas the Tank Engine is an emergent phenomenon. „Thomas was a tank engine who lived at a Big Station. He had six small wheels, a short stumpy funnel, a short stumpy boiler and a short stumpy dome. He was a fussy little engine, always pulling coaches about.... He was a cheeky little engine, too.”

9. Distribution of Gender, Ethnicity and Class by Country for Germany, UK and the Netherlands, 2002 – 2006 (%) Demographic Category GermanyUKNetherlands Women51.554.356.1 Ethnic Minority4.89.46.3 Lower Class18.020.613.2 N870563436134