1. 6-0 Effective Annual Rate (EAR) 6.3 This is the actual rate paid (or received) after accounting for compounding that occurs during the year If you want to compare two alternative investments with different compounding periods, you need to compute the EAR for both investments and then compare the EAR’s. LO4 © 2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited

2. 6-1 Annual Percentage Rate This is the annual rate that is quoted by law By definition APR = period rate times the number of periods per year Consequently, to get the period rate we rearrange the APR equation: Period rate = APR / number of periods per year You should NEVER divide the effective rate by the number of periods per year – it will NOT give you the period rate LO4 © 2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited

3. 6-2 Computing APRs What is the APR if the monthly rate is.5%?.5(12) = 6% What is the APR if the semiannual rate is.5%?.5(2) = 1% What is the monthly rate if the APR is 12% with monthly compounding? 12 / 12 = 1% Can you divide the above APR by 2 to get the semiannual rate? NO!!! You need an APR based on semiannual compounding to find the semiannual rate. LO4 © 2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited

4. 6-3 Things to Remember You ALWAYS need to make sure that the interest rate and the time period match. If you are looking at annual periods, you need an annual rate. If you are looking at monthly periods, you need a monthly rate. If you have an APR based on monthly compounding, you have to use monthly periods for lump sums, or adjust the interest rate appropriately if you have payments other than monthly LO4 © 2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited

5. 6-4 Computing EARs – Example 1 Suppose you can earn 1% per month on $1 invested today. What is the APR? 1(12) = 12% How much are you effectively earning? FV = 1(1.01) 12 = 1.1268 Rate = (1.1268 – 1) / 1 =.1268 = 12.68% Suppose if you put it in another account, you earn 3% per quarter. What is the APR? 3(4) = 12% How much are you effectively earning? FV = 1(1.03) 4 = 1.1255 Rate = (1.1255 – 1) / 1 =.1255 = 12.55% LO4 © 2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited

6. 6-5 EAR - Formula Remember that the APR is the quoted rate m is the number of times the interest is compounded in a year LO4 © 2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited

7. 6-6 Decisions, Decisions II You are looking at two savings accounts. One pays 5.25%, with daily compounding. The other pays 5.3% with semiannual compounding. Which account should you use? First account: EAR = (1 +.0525/365) 365 – 1 = 5.39% Second account: EAR = (1 +.053/2) 2 – 1 = 5.37% You should choose the first account (the account that compounds daily), because you are earning a higher effective interest rate. LO4 © 2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited

8. 6-7 Decisions, Decisions II Continued Let’s verify the choice. Suppose you invest $100 in each account. How much will you have in each account in one year? First Account: Daily rate =.0525 / 365 =.00014383562 FV = 100(1.00014383562) 365 = 105.39, OR, 365 N; 5.25 / 365 =.014383562 I/Y; 100 PV; CPT FV = 105.39 Second Account: Semiannual rate =.053 / 2 =.0265 FV = 100(1.0265) 2 = 105.37, OR, 2 N; 5.3 / 2 = 2.65 I/Y; 100 PV; CPT FV = 105.37 You have more money in the first account. LO4 © 2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited

9. 6-8 Computing APRs from EARs If you have an effective rate, how can you compute the APR? Rearrange the EAR equation and you get: LO4 © 2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited

10. 6-9 APR – Example 1 Suppose you want to earn an effective rate of 12% and you are looking at an account that compounds on a monthly basis. What APR must they pay? LO4 © 2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited

11. 6-10 Mortgages In Canada, financial institutions are required by law to quote mortgage rates with semi-annual compounding Since most people pay their mortgage either monthly (12 payments per year), semi-monthly (24 payments) or bi-weekly (26 payments), you need to remember to convert the interest rate before calculating the mortgage payment! LO4 © 2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited

12. 6-11 Continuous Compounding Sometimes investments or loans are calculated based on continuous compounding EAR = e q – 1 The e is a special function on the calculator normally denoted by e x Example: What is the effective annual rate of 7% compounded continuously? EAR = e.07 – 1 =.0725 or 7.25% LO4 © 2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited

13. 6-12 Quick Quiz – Part V What is the definition of an APR? What is the effective annual rate? Which rate should you use to compare alternative investments or loans? Which rate do you need to use in the time value of money calculations? LO4 © 2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited