1. Models of Citizenship British Comparative European European Union International

2. British citizenship No written constitution No Bill of Rights Based on principles of liberty: negative liberty Closely associated with national identity Has this changed?

3. External citizenship: Immigration and asylum Legislation on Immigration and Asylum since 1962 The Commonwealth: the Windrush and establishing difference Associated Race Relations legislation Asylum seekers and refugees: tightening the rules on entry and access

4. Internal citizenship: Devolution 1997: Scottish parliament and Welsh Assembly Different policy directions in core public service provision: changing citizen entitlements? Increasing nationalist representation (Scottish Nationalist Party and Plaid Cymru): the end of British identity?

5. Citizenship and security Anti-terrorist legislation : balancing individual rights and collective security Identity cards: rights of the state versus the rights of the citizen Is there a trade off between liberty and security?

6. Comparative European 1: France Republican principles from revolution Jus soli End of Empire and North African immigration Second generation: cultural homogeneity, secularism, social stability and legislative change Paris riots 2005 and Nicolas Sarkozy

7. Comparative European 2: Germany Cultural rather than national identity as basis of citizenship Jus sanguinis From cultural to racial homogenisation Turkish Gastarbeiter: 2000 change to law Reunification: Are Ossis second class citizens?

8. EU citizenship Established in 1992 Treaty on European Union Political Union for the Peoples of Europe Social rights for workers: no welfare state Charter of Fundamental Rights and the Constitution

9. International perspective Does globalisation make us global citizens? Does it require global governance? Transnational rights and post-national citizenship? Cosmopolitanism Culture, identity and thus citizenship remain nationally formed