1. Chapter 8 Life at the Turn of the Century Part 1 Pages 278-281 Science and Urban Life

2. Terms to Know Louis Sullivan Daniel Burnham Frederick Law Olmsted The Wright Brothers George Eastman

3. Technology Changed City Life Urbanization 1870 only 25 American cities had populations of more than 50,000 By 1890 50 cities did By 1900 4 of every 10 Americans lived in cities

4. New Technology and the Brooklyn Bridge 1883 The Brooklyn Bridge connedted Brooklyn to Manhattan Took 14 years to build Was the world’s largest suspension bridge

5. The Skyscraper Taller buildings were now possible due to: The invention of the elevator Internal steel structures could now hold the weight of tall buildings

6. Louis Sullivan 1890-1891 archetect Designed the 10-story Wainwright Building in St. Louis This was an American contribution to archetecture

7. The Flatiron Building In New York in 1902 Designed by David Burnham 285 feet high

8. Electric Transit 1888 in Richmond, Va. First to electrify urban transit By 1900 trolleys (electric streetcars) wre all over New railroad lines made living in the suburbs practical

9. Elevated trains (the “El” Some cities had elevated trains (above street level) Others had trains underground called subways

10. Urb an Planning There was a desire for serenety, nature with modern urban planning Folks wanted the benefits of urban life with easy access to nature

11. Frederick Law Olmsted At the forefront of urban planning 1857 made plans for Greenswood Park Became Central Park in NY Incorporated plans for boating, tennis courts, zoo, Bike paths

12. By the 1870’s Olmsted was hired to landscape Washington D.C., St. Louis, and the Boston Parks System

13. City Planning: Chicago 1850 population 50,000 1870 population 300,000 All unregulated expansion A nightmare

14. Daniel Burnham Archetect who transformed Chicago Added neighborhood parks, harbors for shipping in the Great Lakes, civic centers Chicago was ready for the 1893 World Columbian Exposition: Exhibition Halls, statues, world’s first ferris wheel, elegant parks

15. New Technologies Printing: Cheaper paper from wood pulp High speed printers Electricity adapted to machinery American literacy rate at 90% Big demand for newspapers, books, magazines

16. Aviation: The Wright Brothers They were bicycle manufacturers in Dayton, Ohio First a glider Then adapted a 4-cylinder internal combustion engine and a propeller to a biplane

17. The Wright Brothers First successful flight at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina in 1903 12 seconds at 120 feet December 17, 1903 By 1920 the U.S. had the first transcontinental mail service

18. Photography Before 1880s only professional photographers Took much time Had to develop film immediately Carried “dark room” and chemicals to t\the site Heavy equipment

19. George Eastman Developed a new, flexible film that could wait to be developed By 1888 The Kodak Camera Cost $25 and came with film for 100 pictures Cameras sent to the Eastman Kodak factory in Rochester NY

20. Kodak The film was developed, the camera filled with film for 100 more pictures and sent back for $10