1. United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD) and African Centre for Statistics at Economic Commission for Africa (ACS)
Distributive Trade Statistics in African context: Challenges and good practices Nigerian situation
Presented by
Mrs. Oloyede Oluyemi
(National Bureau of Statistics, (NBS) Abuja, Nigeria)
During the workshop for African Countries on the Implementation of International Recommendations for Distributive Trade Statistics
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
27-30 May, 2008,

2. OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION
Introduction
Legal Framework
Data sources
Production of Distributive Trade Statistics (DTS)
Problems
Recommendations/Conclusion
End of Presentation

3. INTRODUCTION Definition of distribution trade statistics (DTS)
DTS is an important economic activity comprising wholesale, retail, export and import i.e. sales without transformation of any types of goods together with services incidental to sales such as repair, installation and delivery

4. INTRODUCTION CONT;
SCOPE
The target population are the establishments that are into wholesale, retail, export/import and other services that are incidental to sales such as repair & installation and delivery and employ 10 persons and above
COVERAGE
Coverage: Survey of Distributive trade under NISE covers all the states of the federation including Federal Capital Territory, Abuja

5. INTRODUCTION CONT; REGULARITY
Survey of Distributive Trade has been conducted on yearly basis since the year 2004 in which emphasis is on quarterly data under National Bureau of Statistics (NBS)/Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and Nigeria Communication Commission (NCC) collaborative survey of Socio-Economic activities in Nigeria using an infrastructure called NISE (National Integrated Survey of Establishment)

6. INTRODUCTION CONT; HISTORY OF DISTRIBUTIVE TRADE STATISTICS
The survey of distributive trade services started in Nigeria in 1971, as a pilot survey.
The subsequent surveys were in 1972,1973 and 1985
Then, on annual basis till date with preceding year as reference period
Quarterly survey of distributive trade began in 1998

7. LEGAL FRAME WORK
Nigeria Statistical Act May 2007 has two main clauses;
Enforcing any person or group in the country to comply with information requested for by the authorized Statistical Agency- National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) in Nigeria
Making it mandatory for the Statistical Agency to keep individual information of respondents secret

8. DATA SOURCES
Distributive trade statistics in Nigeria is from statistical survey as classified in section G of ISIC Rev.3

9. POST SURVEYS/COLLABORATIVE SURVEYS ON DTS
2004 NBS/CBN/NCC Survey of Socio-Economic Activities in Nigeria
2005 NBS/CBN/NCC Survey of Socio-Economic Activities in Nigeria
2006 NBS/CBN/NCC Survey of Socio-Economic Activities in Nigeria
2007 NBS/CBN/NCC Survey of Socio-Economic Activities in Nigeria, analysis is on going
The overall objective of collaboration is to collect statistics to facilitate the production of GDP and monitoring economic performance of DTS in the country

10. PRODUCTION OF DISTRIBUTIVE TRADE STATISTICS
Production of distributive trade statistics involves:
Sample frame
Survey Methodology
Sample Design
Survey Instruments
Data Collection
Monitoring
Coordination
Data processing
Report writing
Dissemination

11. DISTRIBUTIVE TRADE STATISTCS SAMPLING FRAME
We have three source from which we obtain DTS frame:
Value added Tax Register from Federal Inland Revenue
Cooperate Affairs Commission
National Bureau of Statistics
Frame is updated every 10 years in which sample are selected for the conduct of distributive trade statistics survey
The latest Frame updating was conducted in 2004
Currently, the 2007 frame updating is in process due to abnormalities in 2004
Items for the new template are :
Establishment Number
Zone
Senatorial District
State
Local Government
Employment Size

12. DISTRIBUTIVE TRADE FRAME CONT;
Nearest Town
Establishment name
Physical location
Postal address
Establishment phone number
address
Legal status
Registration with CAC

13. DISTRIBUTIVE TRADE FRAME CONT;
Year of operation
Activity (name and code)
Product (name and code of 2 main product)
Import
Export
Sector

14. SAMPLE DESIGN Establishments engaging 10 persons and above
Sample are selected proportion to size of population in each state of the Federation
Large establishments are selected with certainty
Contribution to GDP

15. SURVEY INSTRUMENTS: The Instruments are: Questionnaire:
Questionnaire for the survey of DTS undergo review every year
To meet the survey objectives, questionnaires were reviewed based on previous year experience
Editing Guideline

16. SURVEY INSTRUMENTS CONT;
Data Items:
DTS Questionnaire is usually divided into 13 sections
Section 1- Identification :
Name of establishment Physical location
Postal Address
Nearest Town
State
Local Government
Contact person telephone number
Year of commencement

17. DATA ITEMS CONT; Type of ownership Type of activity engaged in
Section 2: Employment
Section 3: Income
Section 4: Costs of Goods sold
Section 5: Cost of Operation
Section 6: Capital Expenditure

18. DATA ITEMS CONT; Section 7: Source of working capital
Section 8: Profit/ Loss before tax
Section 9: Net Asset
Section 10: Working Capital
Section 11: Information and Communication
Technology
Section 12: Problems facing the
Establishment
Section 13: Certification

19. TRAINING Before going to the field for data collection
training is always conducted at two levels:
Training of trainers (TOT) at Headquarters which involved senior officers from NBS,CBN and NCC
Training of field staff at state which also involves Zonal Controllers, State Officers and Supervisors and enumerators

20. DATA COLLECTION Field work arrangement:
Arrangement is made on how data would be collected within a given period of time
Monitoring/Retrieval
Objectives of monitoring
To ensure good data quality
To identify sources of errors and correct them
To ensure the implementation of guidelines
To measure the size of errors

21. DATA COLLECTION CONT; COORDINATION
Zonal Controllers and State Officers coordinate the field work in their Zones or States
This is to meet up with the time line

22. DATA PROCESSING/ANALYSIS
Data processing and analysis is been done at the NBS headquarters
Field editing is first carried out and followed by manual editing and coding in the office on the retrieved questionnaires.
The editing, basically involves correcting anomalies like illegibility, unreasonable entries, arithmetic errors, inconsistency, impossible magnitude and making imputations where need be e.t.c
The next stage is data entry, followed by computer editing/data cleaning, then tables generation.

23. DATA PROCESSING/ANALYSIS
Analysis is made on the following economic indicators:
Employment
Emolument of employees
Cost of goods sold
Value of sales
Gross Margin
Cost of Operation
Total working capital

24. OUTPUT
The output had been encouraging in the above economic indicators except total working capital that decreased by 35 percent in 2006 compared to 2005 survey result

25. USES OF DISTRIBUTIVE TRADE STATISTICS
Formulation of policy
Planning purposes
To study the trend of wages and salaries earned
Changes in sales
Contribution to GDP

26. REPORT WRITING
Report is written on the tables generated by Senior Officers of the subject matter division

27. DISSEMINATION STRATEGY
The data generated are available in both hard and soft copies.
Through Press and Electronic media
Workshop organized to sensitize the public
Bulletin
Newsletters CD
Internet
Flash disk

28. CURRENT STATUS
2007 Survey of Distributive Trade Statistics is now at the analysis stage
There is an improvement in the response rate

29. ACHIEVEMENT Improvement in DTS Frame Frame updating
Continuity in data production

30. PROBLEMS Delay/low response Respondents not giving correct information
Problem of call-backs
Partial completion of questionnaires
Establishment don’t keep record
Surveys in Nigeria are capital intensive
Fear of taxation

31. Recommendations/Conclusion
Recently there is a lot of improvement in
generation of data in Nigeria
Efforts are been made to involve stakeholders
Bring in the umbrella agency
Development of State Statistical Year book for
administrative statistics
The constants need for users/Producers’ and suppliers
workshop
The enforcement of statistical act

32. End of Presentation
Thank U