1. Perspectives on Africa’s Development Perspectives on Africa’s Development. :focus on Zambia and Japan Katsumi HIRANO Institute of Developing Economies (IDE-JETRO)

2. GDP of Sub-Saharan Africa (current dollars) The volume of Africa’s GDP is correlated with resources’ price (coefficient: 0.902) (billion $) 1980 2002 ($) Total GDP of Sub-Saharan Africa Oil price

3. Zambia’s GDP (current dollar) correlation coefficient: 0.945 Zambia’s GDP Metal index (billion $) ($)

4. FDI/GDP ratio Now Africa has got relatively much FDI Sub-Saharan Africa China Zambia

5. Importers from Africa France UK Germany Japan US China (billion $)

6. Exporters to Africa (billion $) France UK Germany Japan US China

7. Japan’s trade with Africa percentages in the total export and import export import

8. Trade with individual African countries (2007)

9. Japanese import of automobiles Japanese import of platinum Japanese export of automobiles Main items in our trade with Africa Big presence of automobile industry (million $)

10. Japanese FDI toward Africa expanding for natural resources ($ million) To Africa To South Africa

11. Japan has found ‘national interest’ in Africa Resource security To share natural resources with growing China To establish sustainable relationship between resource-rich Africa and Asian manufacturing As a urgent mission, to secure second suppliers of rare metals, especially rare earth elements next to China and South Africa If those be found in Zambia…

12. JOGMEC (Japan Oil, Gas and Metals Corporation) Botswana Geologic Remote Sensing Centre, Lobatse MOUs and Investment Agreements with SADC countries F/S support for infrastructure building needed for mining development Established JOGMEC investment arm Joint operation with Australian companies in South Africa and Botswana Academic support to Botswana and Mongol

13. Ajinomoto (seasoning) Sumitomo Co. (nickel, cobalt) Mitsubishi Co. (ferrochrome) Toyota Nissan KomatsuHitachi Toshiba YKK (fastening) Toyota Tsusho (automobile) Sumitomo Chemical (Olyset-Net) Panasonic (battery) JT (tobacco) Mitsui Co., Itochu (natural gas) Mitsui Co., Marubeni (natural gas) Mitsubishi Co. (aluminum) Honda (motorcycle) Leading Japanese companies in Sub-Saharan Africa Sonny Swaziland Mozambique Madagascar Tanzania South Africa Namibia Equatorial Guinea Nigeria Kenya Hitachi Construction Machinery Zambia

14. Ambatovy Project in Madagascar 3.3 billion dollars to 9.3 billion dollars GDP Sherritt Intrenational (40%), Sumitomo Corporation (27.5%), Korea Resources (27.5%), SNC Lavalin (5%) Madagascar will be 3.8% Nickel producer and 8.3% cobalt producer in the world. Its GDP will be doubled. Mining, smelting, transportation system, port building, food production, CSR activities, etc. But, 2009 coup d'état

15. ‘Resource Curse’ Economic Growth led by natural resources goes against Development Dutch Disease →retreat of production Rentier State→apathy to development Governance theory in Economics Political Science on Sub-Saharan Africa Weak State, Collapsed State, Predatory State, Kleptocracy State, Vampire State, etc.

16. Exchange rates (year of 2000=100) Zambia Equatorial Guinea Nigeria South Africa

17. Index of ‘control of corruption’ Zambia Nigeria Chad Equatorial Guinea Sudan Angola

18. Index of ‘government effectiveness’ Zambia Nigeria Chad Equatorial Guinea Sudan Angola

19. The current situations of Japanese ODA Fundamental changes comparing with the assumption in ODA Charter 2003 SSA-centered Grant-centered Budgetary limited required more persuasive logics required more up-to-date methodology

20. (million $) East Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Middle East Regional distribution of Japanese ODA (2007 constant prices) Japan does not provide ODA to East Asia?