1. ECE 447: Lecture 1 Microcontroller Concepts

2. ECE 447: Basic Computer System CPU Memory Program + Data I/O Interface Parallel I/O Device Serial I/O Device Data Bus Address Bus Control Bus Parallel Data Serial Data

3. ECE 447: Microprocessor vs. Microcomputer Microprocessor – A processor unit typically with only basic I/O interface, off-chip memory. e.g.: Intel 8008, 8080, 8086, 80286, Pentium, Core2Duo Single-chip Microcomputer – A processor unit with on-chip memory, I/O devices, and often other peripheral devices such as timers and A to D. e.g.: Intel 8048, 8051, Motorola 68HC11/12

4. ECE 447: Microcontroller An I/O oriented single-chip microcomputer Extended I/O capabilities Synchronous and asynchronous communication devices, A/D and D/A converters, timers, counters, watchdogs. Interrupt Handling Increased ability to prioritize levels of interrupts and mask individual interrupts. Instruction Set Instructions oriented toward bit manipulation, operations on single bits of memory words or I/O ports.

5. ECE 447: Processor Evolution Early microcroprocessors performance integration General-purpose microprocessors Single-chip microcomputers - small price - low power consumption - built-in memory - built-in I/O devices - high speed - long word size x 1x 10 (e.g., Pentium, Athlon, Power PC) (e.g., MC68HC11, 8051) (8080, 6800, Z80) volume sold

6. ECE 447: Microcontroller Applications Cars –Engine fuel injection –Transmission control –Suspension and ride control –Instrument display –Braking system Home Appliances –Washing machine –Microwave oven –Refrigerator Sports Equipment –Exercise Machine –Heart Rate Monitor

7. ECE 447: Microcontroller Applications Consumer Electronics –Digital/Film cameras –Remote Controls –Televisions –CD players –Telephone Computer Peripherals –Printers –Scanners –Disk drive controllers Robots –The Brains

8. ECE 447: Architecture vs. Organization vs. Realization Architecture: The instruction set and input/output capabilities available to the programmer Organization: The implementation of the architecture in block diagram form Realization: Actual implementation of an organization in a given technology, eg: CMOS High Level of Abstraction LOW

9. ECE 447: Organization of MC68HC11 CPU RAM ROM EEPROM TIMER A/D SPI SCI PORT APORT BPORT CPORT DPORT E 8 8 (4) 8 2 4 6 8 332

10. ECE 447: Acronyms Used CPU - Central Processing Unit := ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) + Control RAM - Random Access Memory := Read/Write Memory ROM - Read Only Memory (non-volatile) EPROM – Erasable ROM EEPROM - Electrically Erasable ROM SCI - Serial Communication Interface (asynchronous serial communication interface) SPI - Serial Peripheral Interface (synchronous serial communication interface) A/D - analog-to-digital converter Port –Parallel I/O providing digital data lines (A,B,C,D,E)

11. ECE 447: Memory Types volatile non-volatile ROM PROM EPROM EEPROM Flash EEPROM FRAM RAM

12. ECE 447: Area for Single Bit Cell Assumes 0.8 µm technology 20  10  14  20  40  human hair ROM EPROM Flash EPROM FRAM EEPROM RAM

13. ECE 447: Memory Technology Features Type Number of write/erase cycles Writing time Typical cell size in 0.8  m technology RAM EEPROM EPROM Flash EPROM FRAM PROM ROM unlimited 10,000- 1,000,000 1  100,000  10 10 1 0  70 ns 3-10 ms  50 ms  100 ns  100 ms N/A  1, 700  m 2  400  m 2  200  m 2  100  m 2  200  m 2

14. ECE 447: Memory Map of MC68HC11E1 $0000 $1000 $B600 $FFFF $0000-$01FF 512 bytes RAM $1000-$103F 64 bytes I/O registers $B600-$B7FF 512 bytes EEPROM Single -chip mode

15. ECE 447: Input/Output Ports Port Input Pins Output Pins Bidirectional Pins Shared Functions Port A Port B Port C Port D Port E 3–––83–––8 38–––38––– 2–86–2–86– Timer High Order Address Low Order Address and Data Bus SCI and SPI A/D Converter

16. ECE 447: Organization of MC68HC11 in Expanded Bus Mode CPU RAM ROM EEPROM TIMER A/D SPI SCI PORT A PORT DPORT E 8 (4) 2 4 6 8 3 32 EXTERNAL RAM EXTERNAL ROM EXTERNAL EPROM EXTERNAL I/O

17. ECE 447: Memory Map of MC68HC11E1 $0000 $1000 $B600 $FFFF $0000 $1000 $B600 $FFFF EXT $0000-$01FF 512 bytes RAM $1000-$103F 64 bytes I/O registers $B600-$B7FF 512 bytes EEPROM Single-chip modeExpanded bus mode

18. ECE 447: New Micros Board Configuration 68HC11E9 68HC24 - Port Replacement Unit RAM ROM 50 kB $2000-$B5FF 12 kB $D000-$FFFF Program & data Buffalo monitor B C B C A DE RAM 512B EEPROM 512B

19. ECE 447: Memory Map of MC68HC11E9 with External RAM $0000 $1000 $B600 $FFFF $0000-$01FF 512 bytes RAM $1000-$103F 64 bytes I/O registers $B600-$B7FF 512 bytes EEPROM Expanded bus mode $D000 $0000-$B5ff 32 kbytes RAM $D000-$FFFF 12 kbytes ROM $A5ff