1. Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World TB4-1 4 Technology Briefing Networking

2. Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World TB4-2 Learning Objectives

3. Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World TB4-3 Learning Objectives

4. Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World TB4-4 Evolution of Computer Networking Computer networking o Sharing of information or services o Comparable to human communication

5. Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World TB4-5 Messages, Senders, and Receivers Components of communication: o Senders and receivers with something to share o A transmission medium to send the message o Protocols (rules) dictating communication

6. Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World TB4-6 Coding, Sending, Decoding

7. Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World TB4-7 Computer Networks Computer communication o Bits are sent o Any type of information can be transmitted Documents, art, music, film, information Digitizing o Conversion of analog into digital information

8. Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World TB4-8 Bandwidth Requirements Voice o Telephone: 64 KBps o Compact Disc: 1.41 MBps Data o Single screen of text: 14.4 KB o Publication-quality photograph: 230.4 MB Video o Video telephony: 9.3 MBps o HDTV: 1.33 GBps

9. Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World TB4-9 Centralized Computing 1940s – 1970s (mainframe era) Central computer (mainframe) o Processing and storage of data Terminal o Local input/output device Not a true network – no information sharing

10. Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World TB4-10 Distributed Computing 1980s Driver: Introduction of PCs Separate computers work on subsets of tasks Results are pooled via network

11. Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World TB4-11 Collaborative Computing 1990s Synergistic form of distributed computing Two or more computers working on a common processing task o Computers collaborate to keep employee records current

12. Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World TB4-12 Collaborative Computing Collaborative functionality in IM platforms Collaborative components in office automation applications

13. Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World TB4-13 Computing Networks Today All types are still present o (centralized, distributed, collaborative) Usually combined into a network o Networks classified by size, distance covered and structure: Private branch exchange Local area network Wide area network Metropolitan area network Personal area network

14. Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World TB4-14 Private Branch Exchange Telephone system serving a particular location o Connects phones and computers o Connects PBX to outside network Limited bandwidth

15. Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World TB4-15 Local Area Network Spans relatively small area – tens of kilometers Computers share: o Information o Peripheral devices Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)

16. Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World TB4-16 Wide Area Network Spans relatively large area o Usually connects multiple LANs Used by multinational companies Information transmitted across cities and countries 4 specific types of WAN

17. Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World TB4-17 Global and Enterprise Networks Global networks o Span multiple countries o E.g., The Internet Enterprise networks o Connect disparate networks of a single organization

18. Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World TB4-18 Value-Added and Metropolitan Area Networks Value-added networks o Medium speed WANs o Third party managed o Shared by multiple organizations o Added value: network management, e-mail, EDI, security Metropolitan area networks o Limited geographic scope – citywide area

19. Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World TB4-19 Personal Area Networks Exchange data between computing devices Short range radio communication – 10 meters o E.g., networking of PCs, peripheral devices, mobile phones, portable stereos, etc. Enabling Technology: Bluetooth

20. Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World TB4-20 Learning Objectives

21. Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World TB4-21 Transmission Media Physical pathways for sending data Two types: o Cable media o Wireless media

22. Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World TB4-22 Networking Fundamentals Three different roles: o Servers o Clients o Peers

23. Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World TB4-23 Servers Only provide services Usually have: o More advanced microprocessors o More memory Many users share services

24. Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World TB4-24 Clients Request services Workstations or PCs Software applications Usually one user per client

25. Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World TB4-25 Peers May request and provide services Peer-to-peer networks o Equivalent capabilities and responsibilities Usually found in small offices and homes Popular for file sharing o E.g., BitTorrent, KaZaA

26. Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World TB4-26 Network Services File services o Store, retrieve and move data files Print services o Control and manage access to printers

27. Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World TB4-27 Network Services (II) Message services o Store, access and deliver data o Communication between users and applications Application Services o Run software for network clients o Enable computers to share processing power o Client/server computing

28. Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World TB4-28 Network Operating System (NOS) System software controlling the network Enables computers to communicate Two parts: o Network server Coordinates: user accounts, information access, security, resource sharing o Workstation Runs on top of the local OS Sometimes integrated into the OS Example: Novell NetWare, Microsoft Windows Server