1. Three local surveys on households' economic conditions in an Italian Province Massimo Baldini University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Capp – Centro per l’analisi delle politiche pubbliche

2. IcesMo: Indagine sulle condizioni economiche e sociali delle famiglie della provincia di Modena. Why a survey at the local level? Beginning of 2000s: tendency towards greater political autonomy of Regions and Municipalities Need to know: who are the groups at risk of social exclusion in the area, also to define a map of the potential extension of the «area of social need», otherwise risk for social policies to focus only on emergencies or explicit demands which characteristics have the poor how the local labour market is changing how local policies affect the distribution of income and who is affected  simulations to evaluate (ex ante) the distributive effects of local policies (housing taxation, personal income tax surcharge, tariffs for child care services differentiated by income levels…) the interaction between wealth, well-being, health, social participation, time use… «objective» parameters for the discussion and planning of policies, so as to make more transparent and less sector-based the area of social interventions

3. Alternatives: national surveys like Eu-Silc or Shiw But we knew that the socio-economic conditions of households living in the province of Modena were (and still partly are) different from those of the whole of Italy  need to select only a subsample of the national datasets  low number of observations Better to try to build a completely new dataset, if funds available… Possibility to build city-level maps of income distribution using the survey and Census data.

4. 4 Structure of the questionnaire Household composition Education Labour conditions Individual incomes from all sources House of residence Other real estates Household wealth Services for elderly and disabled Services for children Unpaid work (care and housework) Mobility, immigrants, youth Leisure activities, social participation Health Subjective well being SF12 questions on overall quality of life and health

5. Many questions of our survey are taken from the Shiw questionnaire  possibility of making comparisons 3 waves: 2002, 2006, 2012 Repeated surveys allow to study improvements and worsenings in socio- economic conditions among groups Before and after the crisis: changes by sectors, type of occupation, type of household

6. 2002 survey Used for performing simulations Main results: A book entitled «La ricchezza dell’equità», The richness of equity: High levels of economic welfare Low levels of poverty and inequality Significant share oh households reached by public services  a slice of Sweden in the middle of the Po Valley Indicators of multidimensional distribution of living standards

7. 2006 survey Second book: «Le città incartate», The wrapped cities First signs of the weakening of the «Emilian model»: increase in inequality and income poverty, effects of immigration, very low dynamics of real disposable incomes, only incomes from real estate on the rise.

8. The results anticipated some tendencies that were not so clear from national surveys Strong opening of the local economy and society to exchanges with the rest of the world (of goods, services, people) Significant differences in the levels of poverty and inequality within the province (thanks to representative subsamples for some local districts), a piece of information available only through a local survey

9. 2012 survey Bad times: economic crisis and earthquake Sections devoted to the earthquake Clear reduction in real incomes, strong increase in poverty and inequality Fall in disposable incomes above all for households with children and of workers, much less for households of pensioners and public sector employees. Reduction in life satisfaction, but not for the better-off. Still greater divide between immigrants and the rest of the population

10. 10 tab cl anno [aw=we], col nofreq Distribution of real disposable income among persons

11. 11 tab cl anno [aw=we], col nofreq Distribution of real disposable income among persons

12. 12 tab cl anno [aw=we], col nofreq Distribution of real disposable income among persons

13. 13 Gini of disposable income Cash income + imputed rents Cash income 2002 0.2550.263 2006 0.2820.285 2012 0.2960.302

14. 14 % change of average disposable income by ventiles

15. 15 tab dec cittad if anno==2012 [aw=we], row nofreq Deciles composition in 2012 by nationality of the head

16. 16 Disposable eq. income by age

17. 17 poverty headcount rate among persons – local variable line Number of poor 40%60%Total population 20022070086100634713 200633000103600665337 201157300124500700913

18. 18 Headcount ratio (60%) by age – local variable line

19. 19 In nine years, the number of severely poor children has increased by 5 times in the province: from 2000 to 10000 Headcount ratio (40%) by age – local variable line

20. 20 Condition of the headCompositionIncidence Manual worker 53.735.7 White collar4.13.3 Self-employed9.210.5 Unemployed 15.372.9 Pensioner 17.610.0 Total100.017.8 Composition and incidence of poverty in 2012 (60%, local variable line)

21. 21 N. earners or pensionersCompositionIncidence 08.086.2 159.936.0 225.28.5 >=36.87.6 Total100.017.8 Composition and incidence of poverty in 2012 (60%, local variable line)

22. 22 N. earnersItalianNot ItalianTotal 0193 1195126 2703463 3969 Total100 Households with children by number of earners and nationality of the head 2012

23. 23 Households with children by number of earners

24. 24 Could your family face an unexpected expense of 800 euro with your resources? By nationality of the head Not italianItalianTotal Yes308376 No701724 total100

25. 25 Could your family allow a weekly holiday every year? By nationality of the head Not italian ItalianTotal Yes377470 No632630 Total100 Could your family allow to eat meat or fish at leat every two days? By nationality of the head Not italian ItalianTotal Yes769391 No2479 Total100

26. 26 From 2008 onwards, as a consequence of the crisis did tour family asked for a loan to relatives or friends? Not italianItalianTotal Yes33811 No679289 Total100

27. 27 Greater equality of opportunity? Headcount poverty rate among children (national poverty line, 60%) ModenaNorth ItalyItaly All children20.1%18.8%32.0% Children with Italian father 8.8%9.9%28.1% Childrel with foreign father 62.5%66.1%67.3%

28. 28 Life satisfaction “How are you satisfied with your life?” (0=“not at all”; 10=“completely”) by quintiles of disposable income, 2006

29. 29 Life satisfaction “How are you satisfied with your life?” (0=“not at all”; 10=“completely”) by quintiles of disposable income, 2006 and 2012

30. 30 Perception of problems How serious do you think these problems are in your town? 0= not serious; 10=very serious 30

31. How the results of these surveys have been used: 2 books, about 20 papers, several presentations at the local level to politicians, public administrators, general interested public. The results have provided the basis for the elaboration of periodic programming plans for health and social policy. Contribution to a better knowledge of who we are and where we live.

32. The datasets of the three surveys are freely available to researchers upon request. Soon they will be downloadable from the web, provided the resulting papers are published also in our working paper series.