2. Copyright Security-Assessment.com 2005 VoIP 2 Is free too Expensive? by Darren Bilby and Nick von Dadelszen

3. Copyright Security-Assessment.com 2005 Different Types of VoIP There are many different implementations of IP telephony: – Skype – MSN – Firefly – Cisco Office – Asterix

4. Copyright Security-Assessment.com 2005 VoIP Technology Each type of VoIP uses different technology: – Skype – Proprietary – MSN – SIP – Firefly – IAX – Cisco – H.323, Skinny – Asterix – SIP, IAX2 – Others – MGCP Most of these do not have security built-in so rely on network controls

5. Copyright Security-Assessment.com 2005 Attacks Against VoIP Multiple attack avenues: – Standard traffic capture attacks – Traffic manipulation – Dynamic configuration attacks – Phone-based vulnerabilities – Management interface attacks

6. Copyright Security-Assessment.com 2005 Consequences of Attacks Eavesdropping and recording phone calls Active modification of phone calls Call Tracking Crashing phones Denying phone service – Slammer? VoIP Spamming Free calls Spoofing caller ID

7. Copyright Security-Assessment.com 2005 Capturing VoIP Data Ethereal has built-in support for some VoIP protocols Has the ability to capture VoIP traffic Can dump some forms of VoIP traffic directly to WAV files. Point and click hacking!

8. Copyright Security-Assessment.com 2005

11. Audio Capture

12. Copyright Security-Assessment.com 2005 VoIP Security Solutions You must protect the network traffic – Separate data and voice traffic – VLANs – Ensure IPSEC or other VPN technology used over WAN links – IDS monitoring on the network – ARP inspection – Host Security – VOIP enabled firewalls – Excellent guidelines in Cisco SAFE documentation Or wait for more secure protocols

13. Copyright Security-Assessment.com 2005 Skype – What Is It? Proprietary VOIP system for calls over the Internet Free and simple to use Developed by the creators of KaZaA Relies on P2P technology Over 29 million users worldwide Allows connections to regular phones through SkypeOut

14. Copyright Security-Assessment.com 2005 Skype Connection Details Listens on a random port, 80 and 443 Connects to known Supernodes stored in the registry Must establish connection with login server to authenticate NAT and Firewall traversal Any Skype client with an Internet IP address and suitable bandwith/CPU may become a Supernode

15. Copyright Security-Assessment.com 2005 Skype Architecture Ref: "An Analysis of the Skype Peer-to-Peer Internet Telephony Protocol“ Salman A. Baset and Henning Schulzrinne

16. Copyright Security-Assessment.com 2005 Skype Call Security Skype claims to encrypt all voice traffic with 128- bit or better encryption The encryption implementation used is proprietary and closed-source It is unknown whether the Skype organisation has the ability to decrypt all voice traffic

17. Copyright Security-Assessment.com 2005 Other Skype Security Concerns Same developers as KaZaA, known for spyware Cannot stop client becoming a Supernode Client allows file transfer, even through firewalls, an access path for malicious code, information leakage Login server reliance

18. Copyright Security-Assessment.com 2005 Should You Use Skype? If you can answer yes to four questions: – Are you willing to circumvent the perimeter controls of your network? – Do you trust the Skype developers to implement security correctly (being closed-source)? – Do you trust the ethics of the Skype developers? – Can you tolerate the Skype network being unavailable?

19. Copyright Security-Assessment.com 2005 Other VoIP Issues – Commercial Caller ID Spoofing Multiple companies are now offering caller ID spoofing: - CovertCall- PI Phone - Star38- Us Tracers - Camophone- Telespoof Makes Social Engineering a lot easier Many systems authenticate on CID

20. Copyright Security-Assessment.com 2005 Other VoIP Issues – New Attack Tools New tools make finding vulnerabilities easier – SIP Bomber – PROTOS Test-Suite – SiVuS

21. Copyright Security-Assessment.com 2005

22. Good Sites For Learning More Some good links for learning more about VoIP – http://www.voip-info.org/tiki-index.php?page=voip- info.org – http://www.vopsecurity.org/index.php