2.  Distribution of World Population  Population Statistics  Population Pyramids  Demographic Transition Theory  Population Control  Overpopulation (Malthus and Neo- Malthusians

3.  # of births needed to keep a population at a stable level w/o immigration of a nation. Yourself and Partner. (2.1)  No European countries are at the replacement level.  2.1 vs. 3.3 2.1 is generally regarded as the replacement rate (the rate at which a population neither grows nor shrinks) in the developed world. In less developed countries this rate should be higher (2.8?). High infant mortality tends to result in higher fertility rates as families seek “insurance” for the loss of children.

4.  P t+1 = P t + (B - D) + (I - E)  Where P t and P t+1 are the sizes of population in an area at two different points in time, t and t +1 are those points, B is the birth rate, D is the death rate, I is the immigration, and E is the emigration.

5.  What is the concern with an aging population? Wiki Link

6. Arithmetic Density – the total number of people div. by total land area. Examples: U.S. = 76/mi 2 ; Chicago = 12,557/mi 2; NYC=27,532/ mi 2 ; Australia = 7.3/mi 2 Dhaka Bangladesh = 59,644.8/sq mi (highest in world) Physiological Density – the total number of people per a unit of arable (farmable) land.

7.  Egypt: 98% of pop live on 3% of land.  Switzerland-________ density is 10x greater than its _________density.  Europe Vs. Asia and Physiological Density.  China-10x greater than India  India-Physiological density lowest in S. Asia

8. Landmass with the world’s three largest population concentrations can be found? Which is the next by ¼ of the size?

12. Infant Mortality

16. Rates of Natural Increase

17. Population Doubling Time F Due to births and immigration F World doubling time is decreasing (good or bad)? F Currently adding _____ million per year

18. The doubling time is the number of years before a population will be twice as large as it is today. World = 50 U.S. = 34 Honduras = 22 Belize = 19 Denmark = 700 Russia = never?

19. Demographic Transition Model

20.  Stage one  Crude birth/death rate high  Fragile population  Stage two  Lower death rates  Infant mortality rate  Natural increase high  Stage three  Indicative of richer developed countries  Higher standards of living/education

23.  Thomas Malthus Population can increase, but somewhere along the line, natural restraints come into play *Thomas Malthus - 1798 - Principles of Population - first person to write on population Population has a tendency to increase geometrically(exponential), agriculture can grow only in arithmetic progression *Population will reach a point at which it exceeds available food supply -Will be held in check by "war, vice, and misery"

24.  Population increased exponentially (geometrically), food increases _______  But Malthus was wrong due to…  Expanded ag. Acreage  Improvement in seeds (GMOs)  Fertilizers

25.  India: Forced sterilization  China: Fines  War can reduce rates as well.  Famine  Natural Disaster

26.  One family/one child policies  Female infanticide  Social compensation fees  Sterilization  Loss of status  Termination healthcare/food coupons  Free birth control  Increased literacy

27.  Infectious diseases  HIV/AIDS  SARS  Degenerative diseases  Epidemiology Epidemiology

28. Distribution and Structure: 3/4 of people live on 5% of earth's surface! Total: 6 billion on planet as of Oct. 12, 1999 Current Population Counter Five most populous regions and countries REGIONPOPULATIONCOUNTRYPOPULATION  East Asia1.5 billionChina1.254 billion  South Asia1.2 billionIndia986 million  Europe750 millionU.S. 274 million  SE Asia500 millionIndonesia206 million  East N. Am.120 millionBrazil168 million

30. Pyramids display the percentages of each age group in the total population (normally five-year groups) by a horizontal bar whose length represents its share.

31. What does this mean?

36.  When consumption of natural resources by people outstrip the ability of a natural region to replace those natural resources.

37. (1743 – 1794) predicted that innovation, resulting increased wealth, and choice would provide food and resources in the future and lead to fewer children per family believed that society was perfectable

38. Malthus, responding to Condorcet, predicted population would outrun food supply, leading to a decrease in food per person. Assumptions  Populations grow exponentially.  Food supply grows arithmetically.  Food shortages and chaos inevitable. An Essay on the Principle of Population, 1798

40. I = P x A x T Impact = Population x Affluence x Technology Population-influenced environmental problems: Global Warming Habitat Loss / Endangered Species Resource Depletion Food Shortages? Not globally, but regionally.