1. JAVA PROGRAMMING
PART II

2. CONSTANT Integer constant Real constant Boolean constant
Constant is input data for machine get to calculate following our instructions
Integer constant
Real constant
Boolean constant
Character constant
String constant

3. Integer Constants Integer -(231+1) to 231-1
Decimal
Oct
Hex
Long Integer -(263+1) to
Example , 356, 0
Example , 0356, 00
Example x89A, 0x356, 0x0
Example
L,23145l,-13L

4. Integer Constants 12 10 18 //IntegerLiteral.java
//Represent integer : Decimal, Octagonal and Hexagonal
public class IntegerLiteral {
public static void main(String args[]) {
System.out.println(12); //Show Decimal constant
System.out.println(012); //Show Octagonal constant
System.out.println(0x12);//Show Hexagonal constant } 12 10 18

5. Integer Constants 1942892530 12345678901234 //LongConstant.java
//Represent Normal Integer and Long Integer
Public class LongConstant {
public static void main (String args[]) {
System.out.println( );
System.out.println( L); }

6. Real Constants Float -1.4 x 1045 and +3.4 x 1038
Double x and 1.7 x 10308
Suffix ‘F’ or ‘f’
Example
10.2F, 3.14f, 2.35E5F, -3.14e45F
Suffix ‘D’ or ‘d’
Example
10.2D, -1.89d, 2.35E5D, -1.4e309D

7. Boolean Constant 2 value true false
Note: all character in word is small.

8. Character Constants All character represent in Unicode 16 bits
represent between ‘’ single quote
Represent special character
Represent in unicode
‘a’ ‘A’ ‘z’ ‘Z’ ‘0’ ‘9’ ‘β’
‘\t’ ‘\b’ ‘\n’ ‘\f’ ‘\r’ ‘\’’ ‘\”’ ‘\\’
\u0061
\u0041
\u007a
\u005a
\u0030
\u0039
\u00a7
‘a’
‘A’
‘z’
‘Z’
‘0’
‘9’
‘β’

9. Escape sequence //CtrlChar.java Public class CtrlChar {
public static void main(String args[]) {
System.out.println(“backspace = <\b>”);
System.out.println(“new line = <\n>”);
System.out.println(“return = <\r>”);
System.out.println(“formfeed = <\f>”);
System.out.println(“tab = <\t>”);
System.out.println(“backslash = <\\>”);
System.out.println(“single quote = <\’>”);
System.out.println(“double quote = <\”>”);
System.out.println(“null = <\0>”); }

10. String Constants It is sequence of characters
Represent between “” (double quote)
Example
“Hello World”
Hello World
“Good Morning.\n Sir.”
Good Morning.
Sir.
“a and \u0061”
a and a
“I said \”yes\”.”
I said “yes”.

11. Variables type size Default Contains byte 8 bits Signed integer short
Signed integer
short
16 bits
int
32 bits
long
64 bits
float
0.0
IEEE754 floating point
double
boolean
1 bits
false
(true,false)
char
\u0000
Unicode Character

12. Identifiers Not allow Allow follow symbol Keywords Blank space
Upper Case (‘A’..’Z’)
Lower Case (‘a’..’z’)
Number (‘0’..’9’)
Other symbol ‘$’:dollar-sign ‘_’:underscore

13. Keywords
abstract, boolean, break, byte, case, catch, char, class, const, continue, default, do, double, else, extends, false,final, finally, float, for, goto, if, implements, import, instanceof, int, interface, long, native, new, null, package, private, protected, public, return, short, static, super, switch, synchronized, this, throw, throw, transient, true, try, void, volatile, while

14. Type variables Declaration form
<Type> <identifier>[=<value>][,<identifier>[=<value>]…]
Example
int x;
float a,b;
double half=0.5;

15. Type wrapper classes
Each primitive data type has a corresponding class in package java.lang
public class IntegerConstants {
public static void main(String args[]) {
System.out.println(Byte.MAX_VALUE);
System.out.println(Byte.MIN_VALUE);
System.out.println(Short.MAX_VALUE);
System.out.println(Short.MIN_VALUE);
System.out.println(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
System.out.println(Integer.MIN_VALUE);
System.out.println(Long.MAX_VALUE);
System.out.println(Long.MIN_VALUE); }

16. Operators Assignment Operators Bitwise Operators Ralational Operators
Arithmatic Operators (Integer&Float)
Arithmatic Assignment Operators
Increment and Decrement Operators
Bitwise Operators
Ralational Operators
Logical Operators

17. Arithmatic Operators (Integer&Float)
Opt
Integer
Float +
1+2 3
3.0 -
2 - 3 -1
2.0 – 3.0
-1.0 *
3 * 4 12
3.0 * 4.0
12.0 /
24/5 4
24.0 / 5.0
4.8 %
16%7
16.0 % 7.0

18. Arithmatic Assignment Operators
Form
Meaning +=
x+=y
x = x + y -=
x-=y
x = x – y *=
x*=y
x = x * y /=
x/=y
x = x / y %=
x%=y
x = x % y

19. Increment and Decrement Operators
Increment Operator is ++
Decrement Operator is –
x++ and ++x have different in meaning
int x = 10;
int y;
y = ++x;
System.out.println(x);
System.out.println(y);
int x = 10;
int y;
y = x++;
System.out.println(x);
System.out.println(y); 11 11 10

20. Overflow and Underflow
public class FloatRange {
public static void main(String args[]){
float pMax = Float.MAX_VALUE;
float pMin = Float.MIN_VALUE;
System.out.println(pMin + “ to ” + pMax);
System.out.println(“Overflow ” + pMax*10);
System.out.println(“Underflow ” + pMin/10); }

21. Bitwise Operators & A & B &= A&=B A = A&B | A | B |= A|=B A = A|B ^^=
A^=B
A = A^B
>>
A >> B
>>=
A>>=B
A = A>>B
<<
A << B
<<=
A<<=B
A = A<<B ~ ~A
>>>
A >>> B
>>>=
A>>>=B
A = A>>>B

22. Ralational Operators Result is either “true” or “false” Operator
Example
Meaning
>
A > B
more than
<
A < B
Less then
>=
A >= B
More than and equal
<=
A <= B
Less than and equal ==
A == B
Equal !=
A != B
Not equal

23. Logical Operators Boolean Logical Operator & b = false & (++i<10)
int i = 0; boolean b;
Boolean Logical Operator
&
b = false & (++i<10)
false
i = 1 |
b = false | (++i<10)
true ^
b = false ^ (++i<10) !
b = !(++i<10)
Short-circuit logical Operator
&&
b = false && (++i<10)
i = 0 ||
b = true || (++i<10)

24. Condition Operator If condition is true do expression 1
Conditional Operator
(<condition>) ? <expression 1> : <expression 2>
If condition is true do expression 1
If condition is false do expression 2
Example
System.out.println(x==0?’0’:’1’)

25. Statement Simple Statement Condition Statement Loop Statement
Assignment
Condition Statement If
Switch
Loop Statement
While
for

26. Assignment Statement Assignment expression
<variable> = <expression>
Example
X = ( a * a * b ) / 2.0;

27. Condition Statement If Statement formula
if (<boolean expression>) <statements>;
[else <statements>;]
If (<expression>)
<statement1>;
<statement2>;
If (<expression>)
<statement1>;
else
<statement2>;
<statement3>;

28. Condition Statement Switch Statement formula
Switch (<integer expression>){
case <value> : <statements>;
default: <statements>; }

29. Loop Statement While statement formula
while (<boolean expression>) <statements>;
public class LoopWhileFac {
public static void main (String args[]) {
int n = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
int i = 1, f = 1;
while (i++ < n)
f *= i;
System.out.println(n+”!=”+f); }

30. Loop Statement Do statement formula do{ (< statements >)
}while < boolean expression >;
public class LoopDoFac {
public static void main (String args[]) {
int n = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
int i = 1, f = 1;
do {
f *= i;
}while (i++ < n)
System.out.println(n+”!=”+f); }

31. Loop Statement for statement formula
for (<initial exp>;<condition exp>;<update exp>)
(< statements >)
public class LoopForFac {
public static void main (String args[]) {
int n = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
int i = 1, f = 1;
for (i = 1; f = 1; i <= n; i++)
f *= i;
System.out.println(n+”!=”+f); }